In Early Times
In ancient and early medieval times, German tribes had no written language, there military history comes from Latin accounts, or archaeology. Leaving gaps in Germanic history such as the battle of the Teutoburg Forest, wars with the early Celts are still a mystery.
Thought to have originated in the Nordic Bronze Age, the tribes from the north spread south crossing the River Elbe, possibly invading Celts in the Weser Basin.
Roman records show the migrating Cimbri and Teutone tribes threatening the Republic itself in the second century B.C. near the Goths, Rugians and Vandals settling from the Baltic sea to Ukraine.
Angles and Saxons went migrated to England, the Germanic peoples fought with their neighbours for more than two
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Germany, prevented from using its own military forces outside of its own borders since World War II by treaties ending that war and by subsequent legislation, sought a new means of exerting German newfound power and influence, as demonstrated at the Maastricht Summit.
This power turned out to be illusory. Germany initially created the crisis that the US resolved.
Germany used diplomatic recognition as a substitute for its outright military aggression against the Balkans, particularly Serbia.
German troops had invaded and occupied Belgrade in 1915 and again in 1941 after a massive bombardment that killed tens of thousands of Serbian civilians. With German diplomatic support, Austria, Hungary, annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 and in violation of the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, in violation of international law.
Adolf Hitler invaded and conquered Yugoslavia in 1941 and then dismembered the country, recognising newly created and independent states, one of which was the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi-fascist puppet state that ‘de-recognised’ the Orthodox Serbs and incorporated
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Trento and Triest joined Italy after World War I.
The Conquest of Libya
In 1911-1912, Italy occupied Tripolitania and Cyrenaica which became a part of Libya. As part of the Triple alliance, which included Germany, Austria and Hungry.
The Italian government found favour with the British and French in order to make Austria grant the Italian-speaking lands Italy wanted to expand its territory, namely: Trieste, Istria, Zara and Dalmatia which were all under Austrian control.
Italy claimed the Triple Alliance was for defensive purposes and wouldn’t change its stance to engage in the war. But Benito Mussolini was in favour, and further treaties were engaged that meant Italy would claim some lands, if the won was won. Hence, Italy went into the war with only a small part of its politicians and population in favour.
Benito Mussolini and the fascist came to power on October 28, and dreamed of making the Mediterranean Sea an Italian lake.