The Bureau of Land Management manages the U.S. mustang population and allows the horses run free on 34 million acres of public land. About 271,000 mustangs have been removed from private land by the government since 1971, according to the American Wild Horse Preservation Organization. Most of the mustang populations are found in the Western states of Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, California, Arizona, North Dakota and New Mexico. Some also live on the Atlantic coast and on islands such as the Sable, Shackleford, Assateague and Cumberland
James Anderson’s The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 discusses the creation and black devotion to education. Anderson argues that contrary to popular belief, blacks laid the foundation for their education, and even though others sought to control the system, blacks still fought for their own education the way they saw fit. He also argues that there has been pivotal relationship between education and oppressed groups—American education has always funded education for all (Anderson, 1988, p.5). I believe Anderson argues this through opposition, emancipation, and fighting low standards. Anderson begins the monograph with discussion of the postwar South and how they were hostile to the idea of black schooling.
In North America, wild horses are often labeled as non-native, or exotic species by most federal or state agencies, such as the National Park Service, etc. Despite this, horses were originally indigenous to North America millions of years ago, however, some found their way to what is now Europe and Asia before they died out and became extinct around 2 million years ago. It wasn’t until 1493 when the Horse was finally re introduced. On Columbus’ second voyage to the Americas, Spanish horses were brought back to North America, first in the Virgin Islands, then in 1519, they were reintroduced to North America, in modern‐day Mexico. From there they then radiated throughout the American Great Plains.
Thinking this was a problem, she led a grassroots campaign requesting that the wild horses and burros of the United States be protected, controlled, and managed. As a result, she not only gained the nickname “Wild Horse Annie”, but the “Wild Horse Annie Act” was created, proclaiming that wild horses and burros could no longer be hunted using motorized vehicles (“Program History”). Twelve years later, the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 came to life. It gave a definition of wild horses and burros, stating that they are “all unbranded and unclaimed horses and burros on the public lands of the United States”. Additionally, this document included that all lame, old, or sick animals are to be humanely disposed of, and that in case of overpopulation,“appropriate management levels should be achieved by the removal or destruction of excess animals, or other options (such as sterilization, or natural controls on population levels)”(BLM).
On one side it is educational and conservational, but on the other it is unfair and sickening. Wild animals are captured and brought halfway across the world to a place that in no way resembles what once was theirs. In captivity animals face challenges which life has not prepared them for. Confined behind cage bars they are trapped. Four walls separate them from doing all things natural including hunting, roaming, and breeding.
