ge every year?
Introduction: As like any other organism, viruses are continuously changing their shapes. Genetic selection is leading the change of shapes in viruses, just like it does with other living things on planet earth such as humans and plant. Although, viruses are invisible with naked eyes, they are living organism and reproducers. Unlike any other organism, the only way they reproduce is through a host organism. Influenza virus only contain RNA which is a single stranded segmented genome (Gao et al., 2010).
Raven., (2001) stated that to infect a host cell the virus must attach its RNA to it. Therefore, an infection to take place the virus needs to go through the plasma membrane of the host cell. However, some of the viruses do not entre the cell but they attach to the receptor sites of the plasma membrane. The virus inserts the genetic material into the host cell once it is attached to the cell. They are replicated so many times to produce RNA genome for new infectious virions.
During the replication stage the viruses mutate, typical RNA genome viruses or
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These microphages recognise the foreign antigens and destroy them. However, if a large dose of virus enters in the host, they can be overcome, meaning the microphages are unable to destroy them. As the viruses, multiply within the host, they show symptoms of disease. This is when the body’s more powerful defence of white blood cells, T and B lymphocytes fight back against the infection. T lymphocytes have different roles within the immune system, some of them act as detector so they detect invading viruses, some kills the viruses directly whereas others help the B lymphocytes to produce more antibodies (Iwaskaki and Pillali , 2013). Once the infection disappears, some of the T and B lymphocytes become memory cells so the body’s immune system prevents another infection of the same type known as acquired