Confocal microscopy Essays

AIM The aim of the experiment was to learn how to properly use light microscope and investigate the unicellular organism. INTRODUCTION In biological sciences there are many methods to investigate certain elements and structures but on the top of the list if microscope. Vast majority of organisms on the planet and on the body are too small to be seen from a naked eye, the cells and the organelles can only be seen under the eye of light microscope. In this experiment the method to use light microscope

of a certain wavelength. Modern flow cytometry machines can have up to 10 lasers and even more detectors. An advantage of this method is that it is also possible to measure the size and the granularity of a cell. However, as in immunofluorescence microscopy, fluorescence compensation has to be taken into account when using FACS as well. The procedure for sample preparation is very similar to that in immunofluorescence experiments, which is an advantage when comparing the two

The purpose of this lab was to implement the use of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to examine and analyze metal samples that were subject to different failure tests. These failure tests included tensile tests, impact tests, and fatigue tests. SEM’s are useful because they provide a 3D view of the surface of the material, which improves the ability to examine the failure type at a microscopic level. In addition to this, the resolving power of a SEM is much stronger than that of a standard microscope

BCAS Campus The Microscope Laboratory Techniques Randika 7/14/2015   Table of Contents Introduction of Microscope 3 How to Use a Light Microscope 4 How to Focus Microscope 5 How to Clean Microscope 6 How to Maintain Microscope 6 How to Change Powers of Microscope 7 Introduction of Microscope "Micro" refers to tiny, "scope" refers to view or look at. Microscopes are tools used to enlarge small objects so as they can be studied. Microscopes range from a simple magnifying

A transfer pipette was used to place a single Daphnia magna into the well of a concave slide and any excess water was removed by using a Kimwipe tissue. The use of a coverslip was unnecessary so that the specimen isn’t crushed and killed. The D. magna had enough water to allow its gills to function but not so much that it could’ve actively swim. The specimen’s heart was located using a light microscope using the lowest magnification. We determined the baseline heart rate by allowing the organism

the jaws is gained only in the anterior of the midline, the use of this technique for the calculation of horizontal dimension of alveolar process is applicable to this area only. [49,52] 2.4.5 Panoramic Radiography: The resolution of and the shape of the panoramic radiographs is less than that of an intraoral film but it provides a broader visualization of the two jaws and the anatomical structures nearby. The panoramic imaging technique is distinct because of the magnification in vertical plane

imaging is challenging as the cells needs to be kept at a good condition while making sure of the high quality imaging. There are different types of microscopes that serve the live cell imaging purpose such as Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescent microscopy and widefield microscopy. Reference: https://www.thermofisher.com/fi/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-analysis-learning-center/molecular-probes-school-of-fluorescence/sample-considerations/live-cell-imaging.html

The first scanning confocal laser microscope was built in 1969 by David Egger and Paul Davidovits, two other micrscopists. (Wilson, 2018) During the 1990s, advances in optics and computing used in the confocal microscope were made such as more stable and powerful lasers, more efficient mirrors, and lower-noise photodetectors. Higher resolution monitors and printers produced more stunning and informative confocal images. These developments in optics and computer

2013) In this study, the Raman microscopy technique was employed for identifying a multi-pigmented surface from the wall decorations of the Theban tomb (TT277), Luxor, Egypt. The Raman spectra were collected in the near infrared excitation line (785 nm Linefocus) of a diode laser source which enables mapping scan of specic areas in only few minutes. The microstructure and microanalysis of samples were performed by the aid of an environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with an

Viruses have evolved powerful countermeasures to evade host innate immunity which produces immediate, but non-specific, immune response during infection. Among viruses possessing RNA genomes, the order of negative-single-strand viruses (Mononegavirales) encompasses many human and animal pathogens that cause severe disease, including measles virus, mumps virus and rabies virus. Rabies is an untreatable disease of humans, which has a case-fatality rate of almost 100% in non-vaccinated individuals

The primary role of mitochondria, in eukaryotic cells, is production of metabolic energy. They play a role in oxidative phosphorylation (final step in aerobic respiration) during which ATP is produced. Energy is produced via oxidation of pyruvate and NADH. Firstly the link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, during which acetyl CoA is formed. This step is followed by the Krebs Cycle in the same location, resulting in 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH+H+ and 1 FADH2 molecules. Final step of aerobic

Personal Statement A human being has one life and one life only. The older I get the more I realize how precious my time is. An old friend of mine a mechanical engineer who has lived through the prime of his life reflected back on some marvelous experiences he had as a child where his parent would take him every week to watch the trains go by. His fascination with trains at an early age inspired him, later to have a successful career throughout his lifetime. As a child I had a strong love and

Introduction The practicum has been developed in RIKEN Centre of Developmental Biology in Kobe, in the laboratory of Axial Pattern Dynamics under the supervision of Inomata-sensei and Matsukawa-san. In the laboratory they try to artificially regulate the gradient shape, they can control morphogen-dependent pattern formation. In general, the shape of a gradient is defined by three factors; synthesis, diffusion, and degradation of morphogen. So, they attempt to spatiotemporally regulate the gradient

while nuclear condensation causes an increase in side scatter. Apoptotic cells can also be detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining, using light microscopy. Although this is a simple technique, it cannot detect apoptotic cells in early stages and the technique needs to be supplemented with other methods of detection. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is considered as the gold standard to confirm apoptosis. TEM can detect apoptotic bodies, phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies and nuclear fragmentation

Automated Melanoma Classification: A Literature Review Introduction A Melanoma is a skin cancer with the highest mortality rate and one of the most common cancers in young adults. Since 1973 the incidences of melanomas has increased by 150% and the mortality rate by 44%. Although melanoma survival rates are poorer than those of other skin cancers, if detected earlier their treatment is more effective (Jain & Jain, 2012). However there is a significant number of cases where melanomas, some of which

the image is due to optical absorption of the molecules. According to Kim et al. (2010) current imaging technologies for gene expression such as positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical coherence tomography, and confocal microscopy, are limited by light scattering, imaging depth, spatial and temporal resolution, and time. These limitations make it difficult to further the progress of research in the field. A review conducted by Wang and Hu (2012) proving that PAT is able

Introduction: A distinctive feature of vertebrate development is the transient formation of neural crest. Neural crest originates from the neural plate border, which separates the neural plate from non-neural ectoderm prior to neural tube closure. Upon neural tube closure, neural crest cells (NCCs) undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migrate away from the neural tube. These migratory NCCs are multipotent stem cells that invade and colonize specific regions along the embryonic anterior-posterior

matrix reduce the vulnerability of microbes to antimicrobial agents.18, 19, 20 Bacteria growing in dental biofilms exhibit an improved acceptance to antimicrobial agents, including those used in mouthrinses and dentifrices.21-24 In addition, confocal microscopy of in situ established natural biofilms showed that chlorhexidine only affected the external layers. Cells in 24 and 48 hours plaque biofilms, suggesting either quenching of the agent at the biofilm surface or a lack of infiltration.25 More

Understanding midgut epithelial regeneration during Plasmodium ookinete invasion in adult female Anopheles mosquito Background: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. This infectious disease continues to be a tremendous public health burden, resulting in 627,000 deaths in 2012, causing substantial negative impact on the global socioeconomic development [1,2]. Prior to transmission of Plasmodium to the vertebrate host