ipl-logo

1970's Treatment Model

1406 Words6 Pages

Despite the criticisms levelled at them in the 1970s, "treatment approaches" to offending behaviour remain worth pursuing today. Offer a critical assessment of this claim.

This essay is going to give reasons why treatment approaches to crime are still valuable today despite the criticisms originated during the 1970s, especially after Martinson’s “Nothing works” report (1974). Drawing from Positivism and its related theories of crime, this essay is going to explain how treatment models in the 1970s worked and how they differ from the punitive system we have today, that is based on Classical theories (of crime). Furthermore, this essay is going to illustrate two different ideologies on which treatment models are built, Behaviourism and Psychoanalysis, …show more content…

This concept is known as criminal atavism (Lombroso, 1896) and had different application in real-life scenarios, including some very extreme ones such as the Eugenic movement, an attempt to control and improve evolution with the application of methods that have often been judged immoral and inhuman. These included the forced sterilisation of those who were considered “unfit” to reproduce. From a Criminal Justice point of view, Lombroso’s theories had the effect of allowing Preventive Detention for those who presented signs of atavism. These biological theories of crime soon evolve into psychological approaches to crime. Now the focus is no longer on the body, but on the mind (and the brain) of the criminal. The medico-psychological part of these theories, in particular, was very considered until after the Second World War (1939-1945) and imported a wide range of medical terms (e.g. treatment, diagnosis, rehabilitation and so on) into criminology. Applications of these theories include attempts to identify regions of the …show more content…

We have already talked about the origins of psychoanalysis and its innovative approach to crime. The concept of the unconscious, in fact, has the power to approach and explain crime in a totally new way. This essay is now going to talk about the solutions proposed to the issue of criminality. Psychoanalytical treatment models are all based on the assumption that the offender has emotional troubles that can be faced through talking cures. This originates in Freud’s ideas (Freud 1963, 116-150). Talking therapies are the main mean of rehabilitation. It is still possible to find applications of this treatment models in a really little number of prisons and in a prevalently experimental form. A typical example of this is the Grendon Prison: this is a pretty unusual prison in Buckinghamshire that works with major criminals who are often facing very long sentences. The approach to criminality here is unconventional for the highly punitive penal system we are used to see and, as Chris McLaughlin (2010) points out in his article, this regime would be seen “as the system going soft” by what he calls “the hang-’em-and-flog-’em brigade” (precise reference). However, this same prison is described by some of its inmates themselves as the hardest they have endured inside. This prison was opened in 1962 as an experimental psychiatric community aimed to treat anti-social prisoners. Today Grendon has

Show More
Related
1143 Words | 5 Pages

Guenther discusses the effects of solitary confinement such as “They experience intense anxiety, paranoia, depression, memory loss, hallucinations and other perceptual distortions” (1). But doesn’t provide enough reasons as to why U.S prisons should become a rehabilitation place to help those get back into the society they were once in. she only establishments that solitary confinement and prisons are not good to inmates because they caused them to develop psychological problems. What I mean is that, the entirety of the article and her arguments gives the sense that, that’s the purpose of what she is trying to achieve here, making prisons a rehabilitation place instead of something else. But the thing is why should prisons become a rehabilitation center, Guenther claims that “Given that 95 percent of all inmates are eventually released into the public, and that many of these will be released without any form of transition or therapy, solitary confinement is a problem that potentially affects every one of us.”

Read More
626 Words | 3 Pages

David Canter’s intriguing novel conveys the psychology deeply rooted within these criminals that link them to the crimes they committed. Criminal shadows entails the distinctive “shadows” remaining from each crime that helps lead police straight to the criminals. The wide array of criminal offenders and their unique crime style gave way to psychologists and police officers to piece together bits of significant information to profile a criminal. These miscreants look like ordinary people, like you and me, the only difference is that they perform heinous acts of violence. The techniques and evaluations discussed in this novel eventually helped the future of taking down the criminals.

Read More
554 Words | 3 Pages

Criminal Justice Psychologist The psychologist is a vital asset to the criminal justice system. The psychologist can examine victims, police officials and various witnesses thus making them ethically obligated to make the right decisions and evaluations. This essay will discuss the roles of psychologist as they work within the criminal justice system. I will Identify and describe the psychologists’ roles within the criminal justice system as it pertains to the applied scientist, the basic scientist, the policy evaluator, and the advocate.

Read More
2059 Words | 9 Pages

This essay refers to Michel Foucault’s Punish and Discipline and Nellie Bly’s Ten Days in a Madhouse to prove that: the judge gained normalizing authority in society, Blackwell Insane Asylum employees, doctors and nurses, neglected and abused patients rather than rehabilitating them, and Blackwell Insane Asylum functioned as an antiquated punishment complex. The beginning of this essay summarizes the judge’s traditional role in society. Next, it references Nellie Bly’s ‘unvarnished narrative’ to prove 19th century judges gained authority. Then it discusses how late 18th century theoreticians sparked the change in the judge’s traditional role by integrating psychology into punishment. Next it provides examples from Bly’s article to prove that the late 18th century theoreticians’ ideas influenced the judge.

Read More
785 Words | 4 Pages

Part one is the physiology of the crime, down to the human’s muscular contraction, are we to at this point label the decision

Read More
619 Words | 3 Pages

Criminology P3 Classicist theory Cesare Beccaria in the 18th century stated that any punishments given to offenders should be suitable for the type of crime they committed, equal for the rich and poor otherwise worse crimes could be committed if excessively harsh punishments are used for something relatively small. He theorized that an individual is smart enough to decide against offending, that we humans can distinguish between what’s right and wrong in society, therefore everyone should make a rational decision. Positivist theories Positivist theories rejected the classicist beliefs, mainly criticising them for being unable to describe what motivates the crimes and then take steps to control it. Positivists do not take into account factors

Read More
1520 Words | 7 Pages

A prison environment whereby psychological problems and health complications could be induced should have never been created. If risk cannot be avoided, protocols to mitigate harm should be in place. Participants' information should be written from the participants' standpoint, not from the researchers’ perspective. Participants were exposed to extreme and inhumane conditions. In a journal article, Haney et al., 1973 (as cited in Haney & Zimbardo, 1998) glorified their maximising of harm.

Read More
1333 Words | 6 Pages

This essay will focus on two criminological perspectives which are classicism and positivism. Moreover, these two school of thoughts will be explained in relation to the offence of assault. First of all, the classical school was founded in the 18th century and it was the first school of criminology. It was mainly connected with the work of Cesare Beccaria, an Italian theorist (Morrison, 1995). The school was concerned with the development of a rational, systematic and efficient way to fight crime rather than understand the nature of it (Hughes, 1998).

Read More
2133 Words | 9 Pages

The study of criminals and crime has been studied for over two-hundred years, developing from new studies and new patients who have significantly contributed to the study of criminology. The study of psychology is an incredibly engaging subject. The idea that you can study peoples' brains and figure out what went wrong, where and why they do things average people do not seem to do is a captivating subject. So, with the new ideas of criminology, it was a captivating subject. My interest was highly piqued when I learned that there was a difference in psychology between men and women when it comes to serial killers.

Read More
1037 Words | 5 Pages

Criminal psychologist utilizes the data from the crime scene to reach the result about the individual's nature, which carried out the crime. The conclusions must offer the answers to the questions such as, how was the wrongdoing arranged, or would it say it was impulsive, under strong emotional circumstances? What is the estimated age of the crime? Is the criminal liable to live near the crime scene or will he visit again? What is the sex of the offender?

Read More
504 Words | 3 Pages

Crime is an action or omission which causes offence punishable by the law. To explain why some people commit these punishable offences there are different psychological approaches. Three of these approaches are Psychodynamic, Physiological and biological. The psychodynamic approach studies a person’s behaviour by analysing the persons mind, mainly focusing on the subconscious. The Physiological approach studies the scientific reasons behind criminal behaviour and concentrates on how a person’s physical form can be a ‘marker of criminology’

Read More
427 Words | 2 Pages

The human violence issue is a huge topic within the disciplines of psychology, where the psychologists have focused on the individual characteristics that do interact with the social groupings so as to produce the violent event. However, rather than fully focus on biological aspects of criminals, this case will explain how mental processes as well as personalities that impact the individual to perpetrate violence.  Psychological factors are the main cause of the human violence trait in criminals, and they all relate to the psychodynamic perspectives that were made by Sigmund Freud. Freud, a renowned psychologist, though that the human behavior was a product of the unconscious force that operated within the person’s mind. Conflicts that tend to occur during

Read More
1678 Words | 7 Pages

Where external and internal factors play a part and they are fated to be a criminal. The scientific grounds are offenders and people who have not yet offended can be given help, and they can be diagnosed by experts and receive treatment needed to not offend (Cavadino, 2007

Read More
2091 Words | 9 Pages

The theory views the offender as either a patient or a victim or both. According to this theory a person who has committed an offense is not morally responsible for the offense he or she has committed because the offense might be the product of an illness in which treatment is required; this type of person is regarded as a patient. When the offense is the product of a dysfunctional social environment the person is regarded as the victim. The advantage of this approach is that it focuses on the offenders, instead of punishing the offenders this approach focuses on repairing and treating the dysfunctional areas that the offenders are experiencing by means of behavioral therapy and other therapeutic programmes.

Read More
567 Words | 3 Pages

There are a number of practical arguments made for the death penalty. Because the death penalty is such a powerful construct, many argue that it decreases crime rates through deterrence. While many believe that the death penalty is more of a deterrent than a lengthy prison sentence, the very concept of ‘deterrence’ is argued by many as inapplicable to criminal psychology, especially if mental illness is involved. Criminals rarely think about the consequences of their actions and this is especially true with crimes of passion.

Read More

More about 1970's Treatment Model

Related Topics

Open Document