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And Technology: Controversies, Questions, And Strategies For Ethical Computing

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Chapter one of Ethics and Technology: Controversies, Questions, and Strategies for Ethical Computing by Herman T. Tavani begins by defining cyberethics as the study of moral, legal, and social issues involving cybertechnology, which includes computing and communication devices. Cyberethics is a field that affects not only professionals, but anyone who uses any form of cybertechnology. There are four evolutionary phases of cyberethics. Phase 1 is from the 1950s and 1960s when large mainframe, or stand-alone, computers were in use. Issues with this phase the idea of artificial intelligence and a fear of Big Brother. The 1970s and 1980s, Phase 2, brought along with it mini computers and personal computers that were able to be linked together by private networks. Phase 2 brought concerns with privacy, intellectual property, and computer crime. Phase 3, also known as the Internet era, began in the 1990’s and continues today. Concerns with free speech and anonymity were issues associated with this phase alone with the issues from previous …show more content…

Claims are used as an argument. The standard form of an argument includes at least two claims, or premises, that aim to establish a conclusion. An argument can either be valid, meaning the premises are sufficient enough to guarantee the conclusion, or invalid, meaning the premises do not guarantee the conclusion. Even though an argument is valid, it still may not be true in the actual world. If this is the case it would make the argument unsound. A valid argument that is true in the actual world would be called a sound argument. Invalid arguments are either inductive or fallacious. Inductive arguments result when the conclusion follows from assuming the truth. It is possible for these types of arguments to still be strong. Fallacious arguments would not have a true conclusion based on assumed true premises. These arguments are always

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The argument must be fueled by logical claims and assisted by emotional appeal. Lastly, an argument must provide a rational and simple solution to the spat. Weak arguments

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Stephen Toulmin, a twentieth-century philosopher,realized that well developed arguments consist of six parts. The parts are the following terms: data, claim, warrants, qualifiers, rebuttals, and backing. These six parts form the Toulmin Model of Argument. This model is beneficial when trying to evaluate an argument being read. Toulmin’s model can also be used as a form of organization and structure.

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The seven logical fallacies; Ad Hominem (Argument to the Person): this is when you attack someone rather than the issue. For example, when you are at home and you have cleaned the whole house, then your husband comes and gets mud all over the floor the floor, instead of asking him to clean it up you get mad and start a fight. Hasty Generalization: this means that you reach a conclusion based on little or no evidence to support your claim, someone could argue it was just a coincidence. Sweeping Generalization: is something that cannot be proven not even when there is much evidence supplied. For example, most people today believe in aliens and some even say that they make crop circles in fields, even though a lot of people have seen crop circles

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The premises provide reasons in support of the conclusion or position taken by the argument. Descartes premises and his conclusion are an example of critical thinking being used . 4. Compare and contrast induction, abduction, and deduction.

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Before going into an argument it is crucial to know what your purpose of the argument is; do you want to change

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One of strong argument

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Methods of Argumentation Topic An article called Classical Argument by Joe Moxley explained how to properly write an essay while informing the reader about an argument they might not agree with. Along helping a writer’s argument stand out with out offending the reader’s point of view in a particular issue. By focusing, developing, introducing and stating claims that can support the writers vision. Moxley used examples and methods to captivate a reader’s attention even if they don’t agree on the writer’s argument.

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This will be the most boring section, although unfortunately necessary. Definitions. A logically valid statement is a statement where if the premises are assumed true, then there is no possible

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CJ Bonilla ARCH 496 Professor McGuire 18 April 2023 Hawaii’s Affordable Housing Crisis The price of living in paradise will cost a pretty penny. Hawaii’s outrageously expensive housing market heavily impacts working-class families as they face the highest housing costs in the nation. Not only does Hawaii’s housing market exceed most price ranges that families would enjoy, but many of the families looking for homes simply do not earn enough to afford market rents.

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Moor: “Should We Let Computers Get Under Our Skins?” In the argumentative essay, “Should We Let Computers Get Under Our Skins?”, Moor argues that the era of cyborgs-part human and part computer-is coming whether we like it or not, but we should accept a policy of “responsible freedom” along with it. He argues against the thoughts of not allowing cyborgs. He thinks that instead of trying to fight and go against this coming of computer help, we should accept it but be aware of the things that come along with it. We should approach it with having the freedom to be able to decide whether we want computer implants or not, but also by being responsible in knowing the harms that could come with it.

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Similarly, an argument can be invalid having true premises and false conclusion.

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However, this comes to the price of eliminating the universability of logical claims. We usually regard logical tautologies as being true in all cases, independently of the domain. We also regard valid logical arguments

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• For a deductive argument to be valid , it must be absolutely impossible for both its premises to be true and its conclusion to be false. With a good deductive argument, that simply cannot happen; the truth of the premises entails the truth of the conclusion. The classic example of a deductively valid argument is: – 1.

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The Computer ethics concept was made in 1950 when Norbert Wiener, published a book called The Human Use of Human Beings which laid out the basic foundations of computer ethics. In 1966 Joseph Weizenbaum published a program that performed language processing. The program would apply pattern matching pattern rules to human statements to figure out its reply. During the same year the world's first computer crime was committed. A programmer was able to use a computer code to stop his banking account from being flagged.

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New technologies that people had never imagined a decade, or even some decades ago, are now expanding and changing all our lives. Taking smartphones as an example, people in old time had never imagined that small, tiny box could enable people to bring smart computer to everywhere. Yet, smartphones are now completely embedded into our lives and changed how we communicate. Technology lets us live simply, more conveniently, and more easily, but at the same time, it creates complex debates and controversies of ethical problems. In this world, where humans cannot live without the benefits of technology, it is impossible to ignore ethical problems.

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