Annotated Bibliography On English Language Learners

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Lesaux and Harris (2003) examined several researches that focused on English language learners (ELLs) with reading difficulties. At least 80% of teacher referrals for special education are for students that have trouble in reading, which is a huge issue regarding ELL students (Snow et al., 1998, p.40). This is because teacher’s indecisiveness to distinguish younger ELL students who are in danger of reading difficulties, despite proof of risk factors that were determined by using measures for early literacy detection. For instance, ELLs who exhibited shortcoming in sound recognition and structure are unlikely to be associated for being at risk for LD. It is only afterwards when student fail to meet academic expectations are they referred to additional services and special educational services. Previous services consisted of a wait-and-see attitude that was looked at by many school administrators as being hurtful to the advancement of reading goals (McCardle et al., 2005). Teachers have described the frustration of not being well prepared to provide supportive services to ELLs that are struggling. Researchers agree that this may be due to the lack of tools, information, …show more content…

RTI is used as a tool to promote instructional learning and decrease behavioral problems, to act early when identifying students with special needs, and to conduct ongoing assessments and check-ins. This approach is especially critical for creating a dialect between teachers and special education teachers. The tier 1, 2, and 3 systems are put in place for overall support. Tier 1 places the lead teacher in charge of classroom instructions, with the support from the co-teacher. For example, lead teachers teach the entire class, while co-teacher works with students in smaller groups that require re-teaching of instructions or utilizing other methods of instruction (Friend, Reising, and Cook, 1993; Sileo,