Bacterial Vaginosis
What is Bacterial Vaginosis?
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age and it is caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina.
How does BV occur?
Normally, there is a certain amount of bacteria in the vagina that is considered healthy bacteria called Lactobacilli. This kind of bacteria makes the vagina slightly acidic and keeps harmful bacteria from growing. BV occurs when there is an imbalance and there are more harmful bacteria in the vagina than good bacteria.
What are the symptoms of BV?
Up to 50% of women with BV may not have any symptoms. The most common symptom is a discharge from the vagina that has a fishy odor. The discharge is usually thin and white
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A healthcare provider performs a pelvic exam to visualize the vagina and cervix. A sample of vaginal discharge is taken during the exam and is inspected under a microscope. BV is diagnosed if clue cells are present. Clue cells are vaginal cells that have bacteria stuck to them. Clue cells are a very distinct feature of BV.
How is BV treated?
BV is generally treated with an oral medication called Flagyl (Metronidazole) that is taken twice a day for seven days. This medication can also be prescribed for vaginal use. Metronidazole gel can be inserted into the vagina daily with an applicator for five days. In pregnancy, Flagyl is generally not recommended during the first three months. However, BV can carry a risk of preterm labor so treatment with Flagyl is recommended for patients with symptoms.
What happens if BV is not treated?
BV can lead to a serious condition known as pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause infertility and long-term abdominal pain. BV can also increase the risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection (STI) such as chlamydia. Additionally, it is important to treat BV so that it does not increase the chance of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus