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Badger Research Paper

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The culling of badgers in the UK has been a hotly debated topic over recent months. Many local governments are under the impression that these culls may, in fact, decrease the spread of Mycobacterium bovis from badger to cattle (Donnelly, et al., 2005). M.bovis is a bacterium that causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle. Bovine TB is zoonotic and is easily transmitted from cattle to humans, the incidence rate of which is thought to have increased since the 1980’s (Woodroffe, et al., 2006). It is thought that the European badger (Meles meles), a protected species, is a reservoir for this disease (Woodroffe, et al., 2006). Figure 1. Schematic diagram illustrating the transmission routes of bovine tuberculosis (Jack, et al., 2008).
Disease …show more content…

Despite many field trials on a large scale, badger culling has been linked to both an increase and decrease in the incidence of bTB in cattle. It is thought that repeated culling within the same boundaries can, in fact, increase the transmission rate of bTB. This is due to the disruption of the badger’s natural habitat, causing infected badgers to colonise new areas, with some badgers actually recolonising their previously culled habitats (Woodroffe, et al., 2006). Organisations such as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) are against badger culling, calling it wrong and cruel, and it is thought that the cull will actually cost more money than the cattle it would save costing around £2500 per hectare, and it will only be successful in the short term (Ericson, 2013). Even with these culling efforts, the incidence rate of bTB continues to rise (Wilkenson, et al., …show more content…

The Times. [Online]
Available at: http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/environment/article3780474.ece
[Accessed 26 10 2015].
Moustakas, A. & Evans, M. R., 2015. Coupling models of cattle and farms with models of badgers for predicting the dynamics of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 29(3), pp. 623-635.
O’Hagan, M. J., Matthews, D. I., Laird, C. & McDowell, S. W. J., 2010-2011. Bovine Tuberculosis Biosecurity Study. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute.
Pollock, J. M., Welsh, M. D. & McNair, J., 2005. Immune responses in bovine tuberculosis: Towards new strategies for the diagnosis and control of disease. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 108(1-2), pp. 37-43.
Vial, F., Miquel, E., Johnston, W. T. & Mitchell, A. P., 2013. Bovine Tuberculosis Risk Factors for British Herds Before and After the 2001 Foot-and-Mouth Epidemic: What have we Learned from the TB99 and CCS2005 Studies?. TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES, 12(3), pp. 1-11.
Wilkenson, D., Smith, G. C., Delahay, R. J. & Cheeseman, C. L., 2003. A model of bovine tuberculosis in the badger Meles meles: an evaluation of different vaccination strategies. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41(3), pp.

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