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Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory Summary

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Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner is one of the approaches in developmental psychology that explains how individuals’ relationships with others and with the environment affect their development. Bronfenbrenner classified one’s contexts of development into five subsystems- the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem and the chronosystem. According to Bronfenbrenner, the systems are like circles within circles. (Bronfenbrenner, 1994) The microsystem, the innermost part, refers to interactions, activities and behaviours experienced by the child in the immediate context. For example, settings like family, school and neighbourhood. The mesosystem is composed of the interrelationships between the settings involved in the microsystem. This can be the linkage between teachers and parents, school and workplace. The next level, the exosystem, includes relationships between immediate settings with at least one event that affect the child indirectly, such as the linkage between the parent’s workplace and home. The macrosystem refers to characteristics of the cultural context, including the values and beliefs in each of the systems. For example, customs of a particular culture, individual’s opportunity …show more content…

Lastly, the outermost part, the chronosystem, encompasses changes or experiences that occurs during the individual’s lifetime in the characteristics of the person and also in the environment in which the

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The dynamic systems theory is holistic in that a person’s development is due to diverse relationships instead of isolated variables (DeRobertis, 2011, p. 8). The dynamic systems theory also has three main features: the focal system, the subsystem, and the suprasystem. The focal system is the primary attention or focus, which are usually families or individuals, while the subsystem is the smaller internal components of the focal point. (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2011, p. 37). The suprasystem, on the other hand, is the external or outside factors of the focal system (Robbins et al., 2011, p.38).

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One of the theories that can explain this is Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. This theory states that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems. There are five environmental systems that are identified within the theory. The microsystem is the setting of an individual, the mesosystem involves relationships and connections between the microsystem and contexts, the exosystem includes links between the social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the immediate context, the macrosystem involves culture, and the chronosystem consists of patterns and transitions during the life course (Santrock

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She bases her conclusion primary on biological theories of nature’s influence over the development of children. Children are passive players in their own development. According to Spencer, environment’s role in development is to guide the development of what is already present and transpiring in the child. She bases her opinions upon her experiences with her own

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Ecosystems Perspective An ecological and systems perspective illustrates how individuals interact with various levels of their environment including their social systems which comprise of family, groups, communities and society (Chenoweth & McAuliffe, 2015 & Norton, 2011). The objective of an eco-systematic approach is to create change across the five environmental levels: Micro, Meso, Exo, Macro, and Chrono, so an individual can ‘fit’ and adapt to their surroundings (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Hobbs et.al, 2011, Norton, 2011). A map of these systems in regards to Cheryl’s connections is illustrated in Appendix B using Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological map (1979). This theory also portrays the challenges and issues that may occur if an individual is

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The ecological perspective suggests that there is a reciprocal process of interaction in that “individuals can only be fully understood in the context of the environment in which they live. The context is made up of a series of interrelated systems that mutually influence and are influenced by each other” (Karin Crawford

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Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory is explained as an approach that “conceptualizes the ecological environment or the context in which a social phenomenon occurs, as a set of ‘nested structures’” (Hong et al., 2011). Essentially, this theory aims to break down an individual's social environment into smaller groups. Such a deconstructive approach is important because it reveals a more detailed context that can closely mirror what the majority of what undiagnosed teenagers experience while having suicidal ideations. The first and most influential system, pointed out by Hong et al., begins with the micro-system.

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INTRODUCTION Ecological systems theories were developed and put into practice by American psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. He developed the ecological theory to emphasise the child development that occurs to various environments. These environments or systems corresponds and influence one another through different actions that occurs between them. He formulated the ecological system to explain how everything in a child starting from the environment the child lives in can affect growth and development. BRONFENBRENNERS ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS MICROSYSTEM

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A child’s environment mostly consists of a child’s family and school. That seems small but there are a lot of factors that are within those two areas. (Johnson, 2016). The first question that I ask myself is what is the environment?

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Bronfenbrenner states that the microsystem involves people in an individual’s immediate environment who interact in a bi-directional relationship, known as a dyad, with the individual (Hook, 2009). Bronfenbrenner describes this as a bi-directional relationship because both people present in this relationship will have an affect on one another directly whether positive or negative (Hook, 2009). Therefore when trying to understand the effect of social economic status and poverty on the development of a child’s schooling one could look at the microsystem and analyse the relationship between the teacher and the child as well and between the child and a friend. By looking at these relationships the conclusion could be made that due to the lack of resources present in a low-income school, such as a very large class with only one teacher, the child does not have sufficient face-to-face interaction with the teacher and as a result the child might not get the help they need regarding a subject and this could therefore decrease their academic performance. A child’s relationship with their peers could also be affected due to poverty because the child might not have access to the same material items as other children, therefore it might be hard for children to form relationships and make friends because they could be teased.

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and it made me feel like a can make a difference in the world, even if it is only one child at a time. 6. Theory and Knowledge It is evident that the school environment and the educators has a major impact on learners development and their behavior throughout their schooling career, however most theorist agree that there are a lot of external factors and the learners environment that has the most impact on them. Bradbury (2007) links the family environment as well as the environment they find themselves in economically to be of utmost importance in the development of the child.

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Showing photographs of food that they have or have not seen before and reading stories about food can also create knowledge of new food in the children’s mind. As a result, the children learn that there are different types of food, their knowledge of food will enrich and new knowledge of food will begin to form. According to Bronfenbrenner, he developed the ecological theory explaining how everything in a child and the environment affects their growth and development. He divided the ecological theory into five systems and one of the systems is called the microsystem.

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“Human social environments encompass the immediate physical surroundings, social relationships, and cultural milieus within which defined groups of people function and interact (Casper & Barnett, 2001, para. 3). The impact of the social environment in the home on early childhood development Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory encompasses the view that values, beliefs, skills and traditions are transmitted from one generation to the next. He, unlike behaviorist theorists, emphasized that family, social interaction, and play are primary influences in a child’s life (Gordon & Browne, 2013). The social environment at home has a profound impact on how children develop.

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This ecological systems theory shows that a child develops through his surroundings and his environment Bronfenbrenner’s theory states that there are many complex layers of environments which each have an effect on a child’s development. This ecological theory is also known as bioecological systems

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