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Case Study: Robust Knowledge Require Consensus And Disagreement

780 Words4 Pages

Danielle Fitz-Randolph
TOK 11A
Knowledge Question Number 6 Essay

Robust knowledge requires consensus and disagreement. Discuss. Anyone who has needed surgery knows the risks of going under the knife. A broken elbow lead me to the emergency room one evening, and it was concluded that after chipping the bone that surgery was needed. Getting the opinion of many doctors and discussing the best course of treatment is necessary to provide any family with ease and confidence with the surgeon. Individuals who have needed a surgery know the necessity of getting many consults and opinions from doctors, many of which result in a different course of action. The different surgery methods and procedures are beneficial for the patient to find a doctor that they feel both confident in and provides …show more content…

In the biological unit, we analyzed the functions of the brain, hormones and neurotransmitters and human behavior which are just a few of the examples that concluded in a consensus providing individuals with robust knowledge of the course. In the sociocultural level of analysis, we discussed topics such as stereotypes, culture, social identity, conformity, and compliance. Many research studies have been performed regarding these topics resulting in a consensus and providing individuals with accurate knowledge of the subject matter. A topic that is widely debated in the biological unit and is contradicted by many psychologists' experiments that we evaluated is the theory of whether or not intelligence is inherited or developed over time. In the sociocultural unit, we examined the social cognitive learning theory which states that behavior from members of a group, is based on the observed consequences of that behavior; this theory was developed by Albert Bandura and is proven to be a valid theory resulting in consensus and

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Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

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1. 6. “Robust knowledge requires both consensus and disagreement.” Discuss this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.

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I find that areas of knowledge based on sense perception often require constant consensus and consistent disagreement to ensure that the developed knowledge is robust. Alternatively, if the main way of knowing is faith, such as in religion or mathematics (believing in the closed axiomatic system), then there is no disagreement, yet the claims are irrefutable because they are based in faith, and as such, once accepted allow knowledge to be created and justified through all standards of truth. My response to this claim that “robust knowledge requires both consensus and disagreement” is that I agree with a modified version of this title, that robust knowledge from areas of knowledge based in sense perception requires both consensus and

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