Comparing Erikson's Stage Theory And Socioemotional Development

1. B “B” is the correct answer because a study based only on observations cannot accurately provide proof of a cause-and-effect relationship (A) because of its non-experimental nature. Similarly, principles (C), and theories (D), also cannot be the products of a purely observational study because neither can show the relationship between variables. Therefore, descriptions (B) are the best way to express the results of such a study (for example, a survey).

2. C “C” is the correct answer in this situation because it fits the characteristics of an experimental study. These characteristics include: using two groups (experiment and control), considering both independent and dependent variables, and also using the scientific method. This is also

The concept of adolescent egocentrism is centered around the idea that “everyone is watching”, and that, while adolescents recognize that everyone has different perceptions, they become very focused on their own, assuming that the world around them does the same. This can lead to the feeling of being “on stage” as well as overreaction to perceived responses from others.

10. C Erikson’s stage theory focuses on socioemotional development, that is, the formation of an individual’s personal identity (C). Each stage represents a different level and aspect of the individual’s identity. This means that with each developmental crisis, the resolution and method of resolution impacts future crises, as well as the individual’s overall identity and worldview.

11. C “C” is the correct answer because a developmental crisis, according to Erikson’s stage theory, may be an extended process lasting up to several years (this also makes “B” incorrect). “A” is not correct because resolutions of previous crises do in fact directly affect the resolution of later crises. Furthermore, “D” is incorrect because resolving developmental crises do in fact require conscious effort on the part of the individual facing them since there are decisions and choices that must be made in the

“B” is the most accurate answer because academic self-concept and physical self-concept are two separate areas. Several psychologists have identified seventeen different areas of self-concept, so having a very high self-concept in one area, while simultaneously maintaining a very low self-concept in another, is probably rather common. In addition, self-concept as a whole is constantly changing throughout development and can change even from situation to situation.

13. B “B” is the correct answer because many psychologists theorize that intelligence is an umbrella term for a large hierarchy of abilities. Much like self-concept, there are many different types of intelligence; for example, memory span and language development are both considered “specific” abilities. An individual could have an excellent memory, but also be lacking in the language department. This theory emphasizes that that the overarching label of “intelligence” is not so easily determined as well as that many factors can affect an individual’s overall intelligence.

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