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Comparing The Pantheon And The Parthenon

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The Pantheon and the Parthenon are two iconic buildings that exemplify the architectural styles and functions of their respective cultures. The Pantheon, located in Rome, Italy, was built in 27 BCE as a temple dedicated to all the gods, while the Parthenon, located in Athens, Greece, was built in the 5th century BCE as a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. Despite being built in different centuries and for different purposes, these two structures share many similarities and differences in their style and function that reflect the cultures that produced them.

In terms of style, both the Pantheon and the Parthenon feature classical architectural elements that were characteristic of their respective cultures. The Parthenon, for example, is built in the Doric order, which is a simple and sturdy style that emphasizes symmetry and proportion. The temple is constructed entirely of white marble …show more content…

The temple features a massive dome that is supported by a series of columns and a portico with a pediment and triangular gable. The interior of the dome is decorated with a series of coffers and an oculus, which is a circular opening that allows light to enter the building.

In terms of function, both the Pantheon and the Parthenon were built as religious temples, but they served different purposes in their respective cultures. The Parthenon was dedicated to the goddess Athena, who was the patron deity of Athens and represented the city's cultural and political ideals. The temple was also used as a treasury and a place to store important religious artifacts.

The Pantheon, on the other hand, was dedicated to all the gods and was intended as a place of worship for the Roman people. The temple was also used as a gathering place for important civic and religious ceremonies, and its dome was seen as a symbol of the power and authority of

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The White Temple is built on top of a ziggurat, 40 feet high, and it was dedicated to the sky god, Anu. The temple was built out of mud bricks because they did not have the access to the stone quarries. The ziggurat stairs were used to reach only the top and not directly to the doorways of the temple. Nevertheless, the temple had a central hall, were they wait in it because they believed that god will come down from the sky before the priests. The temple had both secular and religious functions, it was a house for the gods and had a political message that shows how powerful the gods

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The finest buildings the Greeks erected were their temples; and the most famous of these is the Parthenon, in Athens. The Parthenon is dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece.

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In celebration of their military triumph, the Parthenon was built as a symbol of the city’s wealth and power. It was never used as a temple, however.

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Most of Greek art and architecture reflected their honor and regards to the gods and goddesses they worshipped. Almost all Poleis had at least one temple in their areas. The statue of a god or goddess was placed inside of the temples, and worshipers gathered outside the temples for the rituals,sacrifices, and festivals as the temples were not a place for the people to worship (Tridimas, 2021). The Athenians devoted enormous resources to the construction of the acropolis in order to surpass the other temples of their rivals (Becker, n.d.). For this reason, one of the finest examples of Greek architecture was the Parthenon of Athens, which was a temple built in honour of the goddess Athena, who was known as the goddess of wisdom and knowledge in Greek mythology (US History, n.d.).

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The Athenians accomplished great feats of architecture. The Parthenon, costing over 3 Billion dollars in today's time, it is considered on of the marvels of the Ancient World. The Parthenon was originally built as a massive upscale Greek temple but has gone through many changes over the ages. It had vast amounts of gold and silver as well as a monumental statue of Athena. The temple, wrote John Julius Cooper, "enjoys the reputation of being the most perfect Doric temple ever built.

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The Lincoln Memorial has thirty-six columns that represent each state that was reunified to the United States of America. The Parthenon contains forty-six outer columns and twenty-three inner columns. Even though the buildings may be similar in color and texture they are made with a few different materials. The foundations of the Parthenon were made of limestone. The outer part was made of marble.

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Two very important historic buildings from the Greek and Roman civilizations, namely the Parthenon and the Pantheon respectively, are worthy of academic exploration. An analysis of their function and style will help to put their design and features into perspective, and create a better appreciation for their emulation in Western civilization. These buildings possess very unique individual characteristic designs, which bears testimony to the societies from which they originate. However, they are also a resourceful database of knowledge in terms of their symbolism, rich heritage of their era and application to the present civilization.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most influential thinkers during the Enlightenment in eighteenth century Europe. His first major philosophical work, A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, was the winning response to an essay contest conducted by the Academy of Dijon in 1750. In this work, Rousseau argues that the progression of the sciences and arts has caused the corruption of virtue and morality. This discourse won Rousseau fame and recognition, and it laid much of the philosophical groundwork for a second, longer work, The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. The second discourse did not win the Academy’s prize, but like the first, it was widely read and further solidified Rousseau’s place as a significant intellectual figure.

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The Parthenon and the Altes Museum have been significantly important architectural buildings throughout this whole period of time. The Parthenon was built between 447 and 438 B.C in the Acropolis of Athens in Greece, by Iktinos and Kallikrates. It represents the culmination of classical Greek architecture and its search for perfection. The greatest German neoclassical architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841) designed the Altes Museum in Berlin, which was opened in 1830. In his design, Schinkel linked architectural motifs from Greek and Roman antiquity and incorporated them into the museum.

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The building is found in Rome and is believed that it was commission by Marcus Agrippa during Augustus ' time. The inscription on the building of the Pantheon says “M•AGRIPPA•L•F•COS•TERTIUM•FECIT” which means “Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, the third time consul, built this” (MacDonald, 2002, p. 45). Later on, the Pantheon was rebuilt by Hadrian during the year 125AD. Historically, the Pantheon is constructed as a dedication to the twelve gods of Ancient Romans where it was believed that Romulus rose to heaven on the spot. (MadDonald, 2002).

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In this piece of work, it is essential to compare the two buildings while systematically considering their similarities and differences that have memorialized their existence until now. Similarities between Parthenon and Pantheon The Parthenon building in Athens was built and dedicated to the goddess Athena while the Pantheon was also built and similarly dedicated to all the gods of the Romans; hence they are referred to as temples. Furthermore, both buildings were used for public events when such need arises. The Parthenon and Pantheon are both ancient buildings and have strong big columns holding the building as well as serving as decorative pillars.

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As a start, the building types are many as the private houses, baths, as well as temples and theatres and these are our points; Firstly in temples, Greeks’ structures were invented to be the home of gods called Parthenon having an obsolete religion. As inside these sanctuaries they didn’t have spots of meeting, but obeying the penances and aimed to custom an individual god in them. These temples anyways were sometimes used to be storage of votive offerings. Subsequently, they are very unique in there style and very essential modeling construction. For examples, the palace of Knossos, and Athens acropolis.

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But when the Romans built the Pantheon , they used the Corinthean order for it's columns . The Greeks used the post and lintel , or the trabeated system many times , but the Romans relied on the arches , and made them more perfect than the Greeks did . Also the material used in the construction of their buildings were different depending on the available and more reliable material . So the Greeks tended to use the well carved marble , granite and limestones in building , but for the Romans these material wasn't commonly used , or wasn't used to build th structure itself but could be used for decoration , they rather used the concrete and mud bricks and that helped them in the construction of arches . According to the geographic difference between them , the way they constructed their cities varied .

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The Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome depict the splendor of these two cultures. Starting with the Parthenon, it was completely constructed in 432 B.C.E by the architects Iktinos and Kallikrates to honor the Athen’s patron deity, Athena, and to house her statue. It is rectangular and consisted of a series of Doric columns. However, it is a mixture of the Doric and Ionic orders. The Pentelic marble, bronze, gold, and ivory are the basic media used in this construction.

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