Disadvantages Of Historical Research

documentary evidence, such as, logs, diaries, official records, reports, archives. And non-textual information (maps, pictures, audio, and visual recordings). The limitation is that the sources must be both authentic and valid.

3.2.5.1 Advantages of Historical Case Study
The historical research design is unobstructive; the act of the research does not affect the results of the study. The historical approach is well suited for the trend analysis. Historical records can add important contextual background required to more fully understand and interpret research problems or to replicate a previous study.

3.2.5.2 Disadvantages of Historical Case Study
The ability to fulfill the aims of the research is directly related to the amount and quality

In other words, deductive approach is concerned with deducting conclusions from premises or propositions. “Deduction begins with an expected pattern that is tested against observations, whereas induction begins with observations and seeks to find a pattern within them” (Babbie, 2010: 52).
Is has been stated that “deductive means reasoning from the particular to the general. If a casual relationship or link seems to be implied by a particular theory or case example, it might be true in many cases. A deductive design might test to see if this relationship or link did obtain on more general circumstances” (Gulati, 2009: 42).
In other words, when a deductive approach is being followed in the research the author formulates a set of hypotheses that need to be tested. Then, through implementation of relevant methodology the study is going to prove formulated hypotheses right or wrong. Sneider and Larner (2009) inform that in deductive approach reasoning starts with a theory and leads to a new hypothesis, which is going to be confirmed or rejected as a result of the

• One way communication.

3.2.8 INDUCTIVE RESEARCH APPROACH
Neuman (2003: 51) affirms inductive research o begin with detailed observations of the world, which moves towards more abstract generalization and ideas. In other words, when following inductive approach, beginning with a topic, a researcher tends to develop empirical generalizations preliminary relationships as he progresses through his research.
Inductive approach starts with the observations and theories are formulated towards the end of the research and as a result of observations (Goddard and Mellville, 2004). Inductive research involves the search of pattern from observation and the development of explanations- theories- for those patterns through series of hypotheses” (Bernad, 2011: 7). In other words, no theories would apply in inductive studies at the beginning of the research and the researcher is free in terms of altering the direction for the study after the research process had commenced.

3.2.8.1. Advantages of Inductive research Approach
• Meaningful, memorable and lesson students discover themselves.
• Stimulate students cognitive.
• Active and interesting lesson.
• Students are actively involved in the