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Essay On Long Term Memory

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“If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn't”. (Pugh) . The brain is such a long-lasting mystery in every medical profession in the way it operates, commands and stores information. One of the main reasons I am interested in studying the human brain other than it being a mystery is because there is a lot of research potential and my main interest is in memory. There are two types of memory of the human brain, long term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) or as many people call it working memory. The definition of short term memory as defined by Oxford dictionary is “The phase or type of memory responsible for the temporary storage of information” The average capacity of STM is about 7 items plus or minus 2 according to Millar’s …show more content…

Recall: Is remembering a fact, object or event that is not currently present. It is more complicated than Recognition because it is actively reconstructing the memory and that requires the activation of all the neurons involved in the storage of that memory e.g. answering an essay question requires you to recall all of the information about the topic of the question. (Pearson, pg.452) One of the main reasons why distractions are thought to affect STM is because this type of memory is very fragile and with the slightest change in subjects the whole memory would focus on the changed subject and the previous idea would be lost. This is why sometimes when you are in class and you have a question to ask the teacher but she picks someone else and they ask their question, after they finish asking you would have forgotten your own question because you paid attention to theirs. The reason that STM has a smaller capacity than LTM is because this is an evolutionary survival advantage. It enables us to pay attention to a small number of important things when we are in danger like fastest escape route etc., rather than a plethora of things that would otherwise distract us from

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There is lots of evidence for this model. For example, Baddeley and Hitch asked participants to perform a dual task technique where they had to repeat a list of numbers and a verbal reasoning task which required them to answer true or false to various questions. They found that the larger the amount of numbers in the tasks, participants took longer to answer the reasoning questions, but only fractions of a second longer. Also they did not make any more errors in the verbal reasoning tasks as the number of digits increased. Therefore, the verbal reasoning task made use of the central executive and the digit span task used the phonological loop, showing that there are is more than one system in short term memory, and this allows different tasks to be performed at once.

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Long Term Memory: How It Works To be able to do well in my chemistry class, it is important that I remember how to perform metric equations very easily and quickly. I will need to learn how to convert to meters, grams, and liters from various different sizes such as centimeters, milligrams, and kiloliters by memorizing the movement of decimal places for each prefix. To be able to do this, I will need to store the information into my long term memory. By storing it in my long term memory, I will be able to recall and use the information whenever I want and use it throughout my chemistry class. Once I learn the conversions, I will keep remembering them as long as I keep using them during class.

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A fourth module was added by Baddeley (2000) the episodic buffer liable for coding and binding information into chunks or episodes Evidence to support fractionation in working memory came from Baddeley and Hitch (1974). Adopting the two-task methodology they attempted to replicate neuropsychological evidence of modularisation (Shallice and Warrington, 1970). Baddeley and Hitch measured short term memory loads; digit span and how this disrupted performance in a cognitive task; reasoning. The results suggested interferences did occur in cognition tasks, however the intrusion was not devastating.

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942 Words | 4 Pages

Introduction The experiment explored the theory of discovered memory it was initially looked into by theorists School, Bedkinson and, Ambadar. Discovered memory is the process of which the brain temporarily loses recollection of an event than regains the ability to recall it later. The comparative used was a sexual assault victim who pushes back the thoughts of their trauma than eventually being able to remember them. The experiment expected to find participants to be better at recalling words when the first word in the cue was in phase two and three compared to when it differed.

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While VSTM and VWM both last for up to 20 seconds, VSTM differentiates from VWM in that it involves only the brief storage of information, whereas VWM involves the combination of brief storage of information and manipulation of that information to complete a task (Shuttleworth, 2010; Baddley, 2012). To further illustrate VSTM and VWM, one can imagine solving a mental arithmetic problem involving addition. This task requires holding information (i.e., the numbers to be added together) in short-term memory to visualize it long enough to manipulate it (i.e., add them together mentally) to solve the problem. In this example, VSTM would involve remembering the numbers that need to be manipulated, whereas VWM would involve simultaneously remembering the numbers and manipulating

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Long-term memory is an archive. Long-term memory stores information during significant periods of time, sometimes all of human life. But it is also limited. It receives material from short-term memory, which does not remain there unchanged, but continuously transforms: it is generalized, classified, merged into semantic groups. Long-term memory is divided into two types are declarative (explicit) memory and procedural (implicit) memory.

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1078 Words | 5 Pages

Experiments done to study the processes built evidence neurologically that parts of the memory systems do show activity in parts of the brain. Making many of these modalities and processes valid and reliable when considering the main sections of memory. Consider the two main sections of memory: short term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory and long-term memory both have been examined through machinery such as a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan to prove that these processes do show through brain activity thus increasing our understanding of memory. Let us begin by further discussing long-term memory then short-term memory before attempting the contrivance of working

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While there is a long history of the study of memory, across many fields of study, the concept is still ill-defined. To correct this, further inquiry is needed to overcome critical blind spots in scientific understanding of memory. Critical blinds spots in the neurological bases of memory, episodic and semantic memory, as well as working memory will be discussed to better understand the current state of memory and what it truly is. Early efforts to understand memory began with Plato around 428 to 348 B.C., who thought of memory as a connection between the rational world and the perceptual world (King, Viney, & Woody, 2009). Other ancient philosophers have made contributions to the concept of memory, including Aristotle, who believed that memories

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The biological approach to the basis of memory is explained in terms of underlying biological factors such as the activity of the nervous system, genetic factors, biochemical and neurochemicals. In general terms memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences afterwards in the human brain. In biological terms, memory is the recreation of past experiences by simultaneous activation or firing of neurons. Some of the major biopsychological research questions on memory are what are the biological substrates of memory, where are memories stored in the brain, how are memories assessed during recall and what is the mechanism of forgetting. The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain.

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This model is consistent with Broadbent’s model and it could be interpreted as an elaboration of his model. Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s model postulates a system with three distinct memory stores; the sensory store, which has a limited capacity of storage for a very short-time of period, the short-term store, with a limited storage capacity, but still greater than the sensory store and the long-term store, with a significantly larger capacity of information storage, that could theoretically retain the information even for a lifetime (Richardson-Klavehn, & Bjork , 2002). The model’s rational was that initially the information was paralleled processed by the buffers of the sensory store and then it was transferred into the short-term store in order to finally reach the long-term memory store (Baddeley, 1997). Additionally, Atkinson and Shiffrin were especially interested on the interaction between the long-term and short-term stores and for this reason they studied the mechanisms of transferring information from the one store to the other. They concluded that even thought the transferring of information from the short-term to the long-term store it may was not always easy, the application of three distinct acquisition strategies could actually substantially aid the transferability and thus the process of learning (Reed, 2012).

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796 Words | 4 Pages

If you think of the word banana you access your hippocampus in the long term memory which helps you connect links to know what a banana is. For example, yellow, the color of the banana gets stored in the cortex in the visual area. The sound of it gets stored in the auditory area. Thinking about the banana can connect to other memories you have with that subject. The more something goes into your short term memory connecting it to your long term memory the stronger the links are creating a memory that can easily be accessed.

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In the following examination, my aim is to make an appraisal of two theories of memory whilst weighing the strengths and weakness or limitations of each theory. The cognitive process I will be examining is memory. Memory can be defined as a faculty in the mind that stores and encodes information and is a vital essential to our lives. In order for the information we are receiving to become part of our memory, it has to to undergo three process. The three phases of turning information into memory are encoding process, in which we are transforming and organizing the information so that it can turn into a memory.

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1. What were your expectations before you started this organization (physical characteristics, neighborhood, personnel, individuals you served, ect.?) My expectations before starting are high, I’m going to get job training in administration which is going to help me with future jobs. The neighborhood s in a very nice place. There’s a park right next door, which brings a lot of parents who want to know more about the organization.

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Long-Term Memory: Its capacity is unlimited and the duration can be of a lifetime. Encoding of information is mainly semantic. The three sub-types of the long-term memory are: a. Semantic-

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1089 Words | 5 Pages

Types of Human Memory Human is very complex being who has superior intelligence, the ability to articulate speech and has emotions. These incredible abilities come from the human brain which makes human more special and different from animals or any other creatures in this world. The brain controls and is responsible for human’s thoughts, body movement and feelings, as well as the memory. Human memory is the processes which involve in retaining; retrieving and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas and skills after the original information is no longer present. There are three types of memory which can be divided as sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (refers to Figure 1 in the Appendix).

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