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Hermann Ebbinghaus: The Cognitive Process Of Memory

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2. Literature Review 2.1 A brief history of memory research Hermann Ebbinghaus (Figure 1), a German psychologist, was one of the first people that scientifically studied the cognitive processes of memory (Schwartz, 2013). His main interest was to understand the underlying mechanisms of memory formation and forgetting via learning (Moxon, 2000). For this reason he conducted a self-study, in which he created lists of nonsense syllables and more specifically of consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams (Foster, 2008). The study’s task was to learn the lists from memory up to the point that he could free recall all the syllables on each list. With the help of the experiments he studied the effects of associations between the lists, overlearning and reviewing …show more content…

This model is consistent with Broadbent’s model and it could be interpreted as an elaboration of his model. Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s model postulates a system with three distinct memory stores; the sensory store, which has a limited capacity of storage for a very short-time of period, the short-term store, with a limited storage capacity, but still greater than the sensory store and the long-term store, with a significantly larger capacity of information storage, that could theoretically retain the information even for a lifetime (Richardson-Klavehn, & Bjork , 2002). The model’s rational was that initially the information was paralleled processed by the buffers of the sensory store and then it was transferred into the short-term store in order to finally reach the long-term memory store (Baddeley, 1997). Additionally, Atkinson and Shiffrin were especially interested on the interaction between the long-term and short-term stores and for this reason they studied the mechanisms of transferring information from the one store to the other. They concluded that even thought the transferring of information from the short-term to the long-term store it may was not always easy, the application of three distinct acquisition strategies could actually substantially aid the transferability and thus the process of learning (Reed, 2012). More specifically, thse control processes/strategies are the following; coding (relate the information with existing knowledge), rehearsal (repeating the information) and imaging (to visually imagine verbal information) (Radomski & Latham,

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The articles I have decided to use is about the murder of Susan Kay Nason called ‘Her Memory, Her Dad On Trial In `69 Killing’(Chorness) from the Chicago tribune. As well as Another point of view of the L.A Times "Man Convicted After Daughter Recalls Murder."(Morain). This article it shows us how the mind had repressed the memory of Eileen Franklin-Lipsker, whom had witnessed the murder of her best friend Susan Kay Nason in September 22, 1969 by her own Father.

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Atkinson, R. C., and Shiffrin, R. M. Some speculations on storage and retrieval processes in long-term memory. Technical Report 127, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University, 1968. Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals.

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The book “The Impossible Knife of Memory” is about a girl named Hayley Kincain, who moved a lot growing up and is finally settling in her father’s hometown. Hayley’s dad was in the military, which is why they were always on the road and never settled in one town for a long time. Her dad had a injury while serving in the military so they moved back to his hometown for him to recover. She doesn’t remember much from when she lived in her father’s hometown before, but her friends are helping refresh her memory. Hayley has met a boy named Finn who is always there for her.

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Charlotte Buckhold Unit 1 Individual Project PSYC102-1503B-02 August 19, 2015 Cognitive Psychology is the study of mental processes, going beyond the “conscious” and “unconscious” of psychodynamic psychology, delving into the studies of sensation, perception, problem solving, attention, memory, learning and intelligence. Cognitive psychology was born from the dissatisfaction of behavioral psychology, which focuses on the studies of people’s observable behaviors as opposed to ones internal process. Some of the key concepts of cognitive psychology are perception, memory and language. Perception is how someone identifies, interprets and responds to sensory information (i.e. information gathered from our senses). Memory is a person’s ability to record and store information.

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Outline and evaluate the working memory model: The working memory model was proposed by Baddeley and Hitch 1974 in response to criticism of the multi store model. They did not think that short term memory was a single unitary store, as the multi-store model of memory had suggested. In contrast, they believed that short term memory consisted of several components, an alliance of several temporary systems working together. The central executive directs attention to certain information, and essentially shares out the incoming sensory information, controlling the flow of information to and from the slave systems. It also has a very limited capacity, which is shown in the study by Bunge et al (2000), where an fMRI was used to observe what areas

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With the help of free association technique, he discovered why people behave like they

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