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Encoding: The Process Of Improving The Memory System

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Recommended: Autobiographical memory episodic memory

In this essay, I will be discussing memory and ways to improve it. I will also discuss the process of remembering information. First of all, memory is an active system that receives information, and stores it away. That stored information can be retrieved from storage and used.

Encoding is the first stage of the memory system. Encoding is the set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is useable in the brain's storage system. For example, people initially hear sounds in the form of vibrations in their ears, but encoding converts that in vibration into comprehensive noise.

After encoding, the next stage of the memory system is storage. Storage can be interpreted as keeping the information in the brain. Storage is the process of …show more content…

Long-term memories last for a long period of time. Elaborative rehearsal is a technique of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal makes makes information meaningful in some way or by connecting information to something else. Long-term memories include general facts, knowledge, personal facts, and simple skills. Nondeclarative (implicit) memories are long-term memories that include skills and habits. Damage to the hippocampus area of the brain can lead to anterograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new long-term memories.

Declarative (explicit) memory is a type of long-term memory that contains information that is conscious and known. This information is things that people can know. Semantic memory is a type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as language. This information is general knowledge that anyone can know. Episodic memories are a type of declarative memory that contains personal information. These are usually from import past events or

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Psychogenic amnesia is also known as dissociative amnesia and functional amnesia; for consistency, this paper will refer to this phenomenon as psychogenic amnesia (MacDonald & MacDonald, 2009). Lack of memory for autobiographical and episodic events is the most common, but some patients also experience impairments in recall of personal semantic facts and non-personal semantic knowledge (Staniloiu & Markowitsch, 2012). Psychogenic amnesia is thought to be an impairment in the retrieval of memories rather than encoding. It is likely a result of blocked access to memories that are still stored, but no longer accessible due to dysfunction of the brain structures and mechanisms involved in memory retrieval (MacDonald & Macdonald, 2009; Rathbone et al.,

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This is what other researchers have thought of too, and therefore a conclusion was made that additional processes have been taking place as well. Another strength is that there is neuropsychological evidence for this model as a patient, HM (Milner, 1966) underwent surgery which impaired his hippocampus and in turn affected his long-term memory as it no longer functioned properly, whereas his short-term memory was rather functional. Due to this we can conclude that these two processes are involved in the process of memory, as one of the stores was affected when the brain was damaged but the other was not (Baddeley, 2009).

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Encoding involves adapting information so that it can be placed in memory; To do this, we use visual, acoustic and semantic codes. Storage is the maintenance of information over time. There are two ways to attempt to store information in one’s memory, maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal. Maintenance rehearsal is mental repetition to retain information and elaborate rehearsal is when we relate new information to information we already know, to store it in our memory.

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