INTRODUCTION
Possessing innate behaviors such as basic life functions like recognition of danger, its consequent emotional fear and stress helps an organism to survive, and so play their part in evolutionary theory (Word press n.d). An example of innate behaviors is a reflex action. According to Word press (n.d), this is a fast, stereotyped response, the most commonly-known example of which is the escape reflex common to many invertebrates, such as fish and shrimp, which use the reflex to escape predation. With fish, a change in pressure in their surrounding water produces a reflex action which causes their tails to flick and propel them away from the area in a certain direction. These are involuntary responses.
Wild animals have predator-prey
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These glands are part of the body’s endocrine system, a system of glands that produce substances that are distributed by blood stream. Epinephrine is continuously produced by the adrenal glands in small amounts, but when the animal is threatened, in times of excitement, emotional stress or danger, the brain sends a message to the adrenal glands to increase the production of adrenaline (Sapolsky, 2000). The springbok will experience an increase in epinephrine which will in turn stimulate the heart to beat faster in order to deliver enough oxygen to the muscles. The blood pressure will be raised by increasing the force of contraction. Vasoconstriction (constrict of small blood vessels to the digestive tract). Bronchi will be dilated so that the air ways are wide open for hyperventilation. Glucose will be released from the liver to the muscles where it is needed for energy the springbok need for running. Certain involuntary muscles will be dilated while others will be constricted and sugar store in the liver will be released into the blood stream in the form of glucose and transported to the muscles and the conversion of this glucose into glycogen will be