Essay On A Psychoneuroendocrinological Perspective Of Stress

Stress, Habits, and Drug Addiction: A Psychoneuroendocrinological Perspective

From many studies, it is concluded that stress is a main risk factor for the growth of drug addiction and addiction relapse. But, the way the cognitive processes work in the involvement of stress on the addictive behavior is still undefined. In this paper it is suggested that stress induced some changes in the neural circuits while controlling the instrumental action that provide a potential mechanism by which stress effectively affects the growth of addiction and relapse. Drug addiction also known as substance dependence, is a major concern to the person who is said to be addicted. It affects the ones around them, including the society as a whole. Drug addiction is usually seen as chronic, which means it often deteriorates brain disease that is characterized by obsessive drug seeking and usually use with the impairments in social and occupational functioning. Despite the fact that no factor can determine whether or not someone will be later on

The effect on the memory resolve on the timing to the stress exposure. In addition to the impairments of the memory performance, stress can affect the improvement of multiple memory system of behavior. The stress hormone may provide a mechanism in which the acute stressors increase the risk of relapse (Schwabe, Dickinson & Wolf). Despite, acute stress may generate the relapse to drug taking behavior and plays most likely a role in the exposure to initial use of drugs. It rather occurs at a distinct exposure to a stressor that is adequate to establish addiction. An increased risk of drug abuse and addiction can cause stress-related psychiatric disorders like; anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. In addition, someone with early abuse or chronic level of stress is likely to be at a higher risk of drug