Synthesis Essay The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) states that “substance use disorder (SUD) is a treatable mental disorder that affects a person’s brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications. Symptoms can be moderate to severe, with addiction being the most severe form of SUD”. The controversy surrounding the classification of substance use disorder revolves around the debate of whether it is a disease or a choice. Supporters agreeing that substance use is a disease argue that addiction involves changes in the brain, and impacts control and decision-making. Opponents view it as a behavioral choice, alluding to it being a personal responsibility. This …show more content…
Heyman (2013) argues that acknowledging personal agency is crucial for understanding addiction, emphasizing the impact of individual decisions on substance use patterns. This perspective highlights the importance of education, self-awareness, and decision-making skills in preventing and addressing substance misuse. Khantzian’s(1997) self-medication hypothesis suggests that individuals may use substances to cope with underlying issues, which indicates the psychological aspect of personal responsibility. Recognizing external factors reinforces the role of autonomy and self-control in navigating choices related to substance use. Heyman (2009) argues against labeling substance use as a disease, contending that it oversimplifies addiction by neglecting the role of individual choices and environmental factors. Social influences, such as peer pressure and societal standards, play a crucial role in an individual’s attitudes toward substance use. The desire to fit in with the influence of social circles that normalize drug use can significantly impact an individual’s