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Essay On Coronary Heart Disease

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Coronary heart disease is when plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. The heart is a muscular pump located in the mediastinum that keeps blood flowing through the vessels. Coronary heart disease can develop because of hereditary or old age. Another way it develops is because of obesity, smoking, lack of exercise, anxiety, stress, and aggression. The pulmonary and systemic circuits carry blood to the organs in the body. The pulmonary circuit is on the right half of the heart. The pulmonary circuit carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the heart. It pumps oxygen poor blood into the pulmonary trunk, which immediately divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arteries transport blood to the air sacs of the lungs, where carbon dioxide is unloaded and oxygen is picked up. The oxygen rich blood then flows by the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart. …show more content…

Blood passes downward posterior to the heart which then supplies the head, neck, upper limbs, abdominal cavities, and smaller arteries to other organs before reaching the lower limbs. After all organs have received blood the deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart. The deoxygenated blood gets back to the heart by two veins. The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava where the process begins again. The sole purpose of blood is to transport substances from place to place in the body. Blood has three main functions which is to transport, protect, and regulate. Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to all the body tissue which aides in transportation. Blood limits the spread of infection which helps protect the body. By absorbing or giving off fluid under different conditions, the blood capillaries help stabilize fluid distribution in the body which helps regulate the

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Pathophysiology The present of a patent foramen ovale is required to permit blood flow across the septum into the left atrium, the patent duct arteriosus allows blood to flow to the pulmonary artery into the lungs. VSD allows a modest amount of blood to enter the right ventricle &pulmonary artery. Thus pulmonary blood flow is diminished.

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The trading of gasses in the middle of air and blood happens cross the dividers of respiratory alveoli. Alveoli are microscopic flimsy walled air sacs that give a colossal surface zone to gas dispersion. The locale of the lungs where gas trade with the blood happens is known as the respiratory zone. The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that convey air to the respiratory zone include the leading zone. The thoracic cavity is constrained by the mid-section divider and diaphragm.

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Normally, low-oxygen blood entering the right side of the heart stays on the right side, and subsequently oxygen-rich blood stays on the left side of the heart, where it is then pumped to the body and tissues. When a defect or "hole" is present between the atria (or upper chambers of heart), some oxygen-rich blood leaks back to the right side of the heart. It then goes back to the lungs even though it is already rich enough in oxygen. Because of this, there is a significant increase in the blood that goes to the lungs overall. Atrial septal defects can

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The foramen ovale which is located between the right and left atrium and the ductus arteriosus which is an opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. These connections close on their

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Vesalius had observed, by dissection, that there were no pores in the septum of the heart. This meant that direct transfer of blood was not possible. Harvey’s explanation for how blood was transferred from the right ventricle to the left ventricle was that it went through the lungs via the pulmonary arteries and returned through veins to the left auricle, and subsequently to the left ventricle. Once again this description was a simplified explanation of flow in line with his observations and those of Vesalius and

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Deoxygenated blood is fed into the right atrium, pulled down into the right ventricle and then pumped to the heart along the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Once passed through the lungs, the now newly oxygenated blood is fed into the left atrium via the pulmonary vein and drawn down into the left ventricle. In order for the maximum volume of newly oxygenated blood to be then pumped out of the heart, via the aorta, to the rest of the body, the valve must open wide enough to allow the blood to make it into the ventricle, and close firmly enough to ensure that there is no backflow. If this does not happen, the maximum volume of oxygenated blood does not reach the rest of the body, and the system becomes inefficient as the cardiovascular system has to then work harder and faster to get the same volume of oxygenated blood to the surrounding body. This takes more energy, which could otherwise be better used.

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Coronary artery disease is usually caused by atherosclerosis. Cholesterol and other fatty substances accumulate on the inner wall of the arteries. This attracts fibrous tissue, blood components, and calcium, which harden into flow-obstructing plaques. If a blood clot suddenly forms on one of these plaques it can convert a partial obstruction to a total occlusion. When the blockage is temporary or partial, angina (chest pain or pressure) may occur.

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The oxygenated blood passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle where it will be ejected into the largest artery of the body known as the aorta via the aortic valve. The ejected blood will then be distributed throughout the body using a network of blood vessels. The distribution of blood throughout the body occurs via the four divisions of the aorta; the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. Beyond the aortic valve within the ascending aorta, there ate miniature openings called coronary ostia which arise from the left and right coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart

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In the lungs, oxygen is added to the blood. Then it goes back to the heart. From there, the other great artery delivers it to the rest of the body. This artery is called the aorta.

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