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Head Start Program

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The Head Start program, is a nationally funded early childhood education program for low-income children who are not yet old enough to attend school. Generally the ages of head start students are five years old and younger. President Lyndon Johnson initiated the program during his war on poverty. “The Head Start program carries an implicit goal of improving equity among children by targeting vulnerable groups, mostly low-income children, a disproportionate share of whom are racial or ethnic minorities” (Joshi). President Johnson believed providing minorities educational preparedness would ensure a better education overall and stem the tide of poverty. Vicki Maloney, director of the Shirley Mays Head Start center in Wichita Kansas, stated that the children in their program came from many racial and ethnical backgrounds, but they all have one thing in common, …show more content…

Ms. Maloney said that the majority of their students would not receive any type of pre-school education if not for the Head Start center. When asked if she believed that the programs offered through the Head Start profited the targeted groups, Ms. Maloney emphatically stated “yes, children who receive early educational intervention go on to perform better in school.” The U.S Department of Health and Human Services website offers testimony to support this belief. Oscar Dominguez writes this; “Head Start has offset many of the challenges I faced early in my life, including a father in prison and a mother on welfare raising two boys in public housing. With a hand up from programs like Head Start, I was able to graduate near the top of my Texas public high school class, from Stanford University, and from the Master in Business Administration program at San Francisco State. Today, I work in a field where I can pay forward this type of empowerment, by administering programs that help people start and develop assets through entrepreneurship and

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Head Start is a federal funded program for children between ages three to five who are underprivileged and come from low income families. A child’s mind when they first go to school is rapidly developing and at school teachers are responsible for guiding their students and helping them develop throughout the school year. If a child gets a bad teacher they can’t develop like they are suppose to. For many low income families public schools are their only option and before Head Start public schools didn’t really have a good preschool option. If a child attended preschool it regularly costed money and poor, low income families couldn’t afford to send their children to a private preschool.

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(Ludwig and Miller, 2007, p. 2) In addition, the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) launched a program called Head Start to provide assistance in the poorest counties in the United States in the spring of 1965, which was part of the War on Poverty (Ludwig and Miller, 2007, p. 1). Additionally, Head Start provided a wide range of services such as preschool, health and social services, and meals for children age three and four. Furthermore, this was an attempt of the federal government when addressing the disparities in cognitive and non-cognitive skills that are seen by empirical research along race and class lines before the children start school. According to, Ludwig and Miller that conducted a study on Head Start’s effects on health and schooling, says “Head Start currently serves over 800,000 children each year at a cost of around $7 billion” (Ludwig and Miller, 2007, p. 1).

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There continues to be a misinterpretation about the short-term and long-term gains. “There was strong evidence that the Head Start group demonstrated better skills on the following six child outcomes related to children’s language and literacy development: vocabulary, letter-word identification, spelling, pre-academic skills, color identification and letter naming” (Puma et.al 11). With long-term gains “finds long-term impacts of Head Start on outcomes such as educational attainment, crime, and mortality”. (Deming 114)

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