Threadworm: Strongyloies westeri inhibit in small intestine and causes diarrhoea and weight loss in foals.
14. 4 PINWORMS
Adult pinworms ‘oxyuris equi’ live in the large intestine. Females migrate to anus to deposit eggs in cement-like mixture. This “egg-cement” dries, cracks, and detaches from the skin in flakes causing irritation, severe itching and restlessness. The affected horse rubs its tail causing a characteristic ‘rat-tail’ appearance. Severe rubbing may cause secondary infection of the anus, tail, and the surrounding skin.
14.5 BOTS
Horse bots are the larvae of flies that have become highly specialized as parasites of horses. Female flies lay their eggs in breeding season (one common bot fly can lay 900 eggs in only three hours), and gluing them to the hair of the horse’s body. When flies attempt to lay, horses react by walking about, throwing their heads violently, running, seeking shade and shelter. Horses under riding may become unmanageable. The eggs of the common bot are laid on the hair of the front legs. These eggs may remain in place for several weeks hatching take place when they are rubbed by the warm, moist lips of the horse, larvae emerge and attach themselves to the mucous membranes of the mouth. The larvae penetrate the mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, and tongue. They burrow
…show more content…
Marked alterations in cardiopulmonary function, leukocytes and thrombocytopenia lead to coagulopathies, increased vascular permeability and decreased organ blood flow and metabolism. This leads to decreased gastrointestinal motility, decreased perfusion of peripheral tissues and consequently shock (Stadler and Van,1989). Endotoxemia is one of the main causes of death in horses affected with gastrointestinal disease due to a physical obstruction causing strangulation and ischemic necrosis