The Neolithic era, often referred to as the New Stone Age, marks a significant transition in human history characterized by the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement. Lasting from around 10,000 BCE to 2,000 BCE, this period witnessed the domestication of plants and animals, leading to the establishment of permanent villages and the development of complex societies. Innovations such as pottery, weaving, and polished stone tools emerged, enabling communities to engage in trade, specialization of labor, and the construction of monumental architecture. The Neolithic era laid the groundwork for the rise of civilization and profoundly influenced the trajectory of human development. The Paleolithic era, often referred to as