How Does Tumor Suppressor Genes Lead To Cancer?

in normal cells, the cell cycle is controlled by a complex series of signaling pathways by which a cell grows, replicates its DNA and divides. The Cancers cells however, occur due to an alteration of a normal biological process — cell division. And the immune system loses the cells it needs to fend off infection.

In normal cells the G1 in which the cell grows and prepares to synthesize DNA.Once the required proteins and growth are complete the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle. in cancerous cells the cell is checked for DNA damage to ensure that it has all the necessary cellular machinery to allow for successful cell division. Also these cells grow For instance cancer cells gain the ability to migrate to other parts of the

Tumor-suppressor genes act to stop cell growth. in normal cells act as braking signals during phase G1 of the cell cycle to stop or slow the cell cycle before S phase. But if the Tumor-suppressor genes is missing this can lead to cancer. Some important tumor-suppressor genes are : p53: is a transcription factor that regulates cell division and cell death. Rb: alters the activity of transcription factors and therefore controls cell division. APC: controls the availability of a transcription factor. The TWO mutations that cause cause cancer are called: oncogenes and repair genes An oncogene is a proto-oncogene that has been mutated in a way that leads to signals that cause uncontrolled growth. Oncogenes are mutated genes whose PRESENCE can stimulate the development of cancer. But oncogenes are turn healthy cells into cancerous cells. Two common oncogenes are:

HER2 : is a specialized protein that controls cancer growth and spread, and it is found on some cancer cells such as breast and ovarian cancer cells Ras : this make proteins involved in cell communication pathways, cell growth

People with an inherited gene change have a 50% chance of passing the mutation to each of their children. If you have a family history of cancer you have a risk of cancer in your genes. The genes we are born with may contribute to our risk of developing certain types of cancer including breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Some inherited cancer genes are more likely to cause cancer than others. It depends on how big a part the gene plays in the development of that