According to the theory of Liberalism it understands the process of globalization as market-led extension of modernization. At the most basic level, it is a result of ‘natural’ human desires for economic welfare and political liberty. As such, transplanetary connectivity is derived from human drives to maximize material well being and to exercise basic freedoms. These forces eventually interlink humanity across the planet.
Such descriptions come mostly from Business Studies, Economics, International Political Economy, Law and Politics. Liberalists stress the necessity of constructing institutional infrastructure to support globalization. All this has led to technical normalization, administrative organization, translation arrangement between
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Power theorists also neglect the importance and role of other actors in generating globalization. These are sub-state authorities, regional institutions, global agencies, and private-sector groups. Some other structural inequalities cannot be sufficiently defended as an outcome of political competition. After all, class inequality, cultural hierarchy, and patriarchy precede the modern states.
Marxism is principally concerned with modes of production, social exploitation through unjust distribution, and social emancipation through the transcendence of capitalism. Karl Marx himself anticipated the growth of globality that ‘capital by its nature drives beyond every spatial barrier to conquer the whole earth for its market’. Accordingly, to Marxists, globalisation happens because transworld connectivity enhances opportunities of revenue creating and surplus buildup .
Marxists reject both liberalist and political realist explanations of globalisation. It is the outcome of historically specific impulses of capitalist development. Its legal and institutional structures serve the logic of surplus accumulation of a global scale. Liberal talk of freedom and democracy make up a legitimating ideology for unfair global capitalist class
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This principal structure of knowledge in modern society is ‘rationalism’ . It puts emphasis on the empirical world, the subordination of nature to human control, objectivist science, and instrumentalist efficiency. Modern rationalism produces a society overwhelmed with economic growth, technological control, bureaucratic organization, and disciplining desires.
This mode of knowledge has authoritarian and expansionary logic that leads to a kind of cultural imperialism subordinating all other epistemologies. It does not focus on the problem of globalization exactly. In this way, western rationalism represses local principles and other non-modem life-worlds.
Postmodernism, like Marxism, helps to go beyond the relatively superficial accounts of liberalist and political realist theories and expose social conditions that have preferred globalization. Obviously, postmodernism endures from its own methodological idealism. All material forces, though come under impact of ideas, cannot be reduced to modes of consciousness. For a valid explanation, interconnection between ideals and material forces is not