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Summary Of Kohlberg's Stages Of Moral Development

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The Josephson Institute of Ethics publishes a biennial report on the ethics of high school students throughout the U.S. The results from this study aid in analysis of student behavior, particularly moral and ethical reasoning. Additionally, the results can reveal potential risk factors and is a predictor of how they will behave as adults. For the purposes of this paper, only portions of the study relevant to moral character, parenting skills, and ethics in the workplace will be discussed. Moreover, connections will be made between the study findings and Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. Some high school students who participated in the Josephson Institute (2012) survey exhibited glimpses of post-conventional morality based on Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. …show more content…

Kohlberg proposed that moral reasoning advanced through six stages of moral development, stages 1 to 4 occurred through a “natural evolution of cognitive skills,” while stages 5 and 6 require a teacher (Williams & Arrigo, [2012], p. 123). Moreover, Kohlberg proposed that there were three levels of moral development, each categorized by two stages. Preconventional Morality (Lv. I) is categorized by self-interest, first existent ages 1 through 10. Kohlberg’s stage 1: punishment obedience orientation, is categorized by a perception influenced by punishment and reward. Stage 2: instrumental purpose and exchange, involves egotism and self-interest, pursuing self-interest is interpreted as “right” (Williams & Arrigo, [2012], p.

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To begin with, Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is a way of “how individuals would justify their actions if placed in moral dilemmas” (Wikipedia contributors. “Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development”). It has three stages and two categories in each of those. There is Pre-conventional which has the two categories of Obedience/Punishment and Self-interest.

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“Young children are just beginning to learn how to discriminate between right and wrong; in other words, they are developing a sense of morality” (Levine, 2016). They simply are developing the knowledge of what is right and what is wrong form themselves, but what the moral development helps them to know the difference in right and wrong and the best interest for others rather than themselves. “So, what is understood about morality as a child in middle childhood, is generally the level of reasoning most individuals will use in moral dilemmas or judging the morality of situations” (S. Tulane, personal communication, April 18, 2017). This development has an influence on everything that happens around them and the behaviors around

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Robert J. Sternberg is a professor of Psychology and vice president at Oklahoma State University. Sternberg states, “To act ethical, individuals must go through a series of steps”. He presupposes teaching these 8 steps is just as important as teaching students how to pass a test. Numerous of dilemmas proceeding in establishments are not generated the by absences of knowledge, but because of the lack of ethics. People may apprehend the rules of being ethical but are unable translate into their everyday lives.

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In doing so, I argue that their act was morally permissible. One model that explains an individual’s reaction to the incest in all innocence experiment is the social intuitionist model. In moral psychology, the social intuitionist model argues that intuitions are the embodiment of a particular culture. From this perspective, it is intuition, reason, social and cultural influences that produce moral judgments within an individual (Haidt, 2001,

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Questions of morality are abstract and extremely touchy. They are subject to enduring debates regarding its origins, nature, and limits, with no possibility of a consensus. Although the theories on morality often pursue diverse angles, among the most interesting ones that have come up in recent times revolve around the question whether human beings are born with an innate moral sense. Some scholars hold the view that humans are born with an inherent sense of morality while others believe the opposite that humans are not born with an innate moral sense holds true. By using Steven Pinker’s

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This article on ethics was really interesting and a dilemma that is prevalent within criminal justice. In the article Dr. Steven Davis recognized that students cheating in high school increased by 20% in the 1940 to 75% today. Davis stated, "If students lack ethics in high school and college, then there should be little surprise that they lack ethics in their careers. (2008). " This observation by Davis holds some value, because individuals that is willing to cheat to get ahead, definitely has no problem crossing ethical lines, because in their mind the wrong is acceptable, just as it was when they cheated.

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Spurgeon Hall (2000) states that ethics not only applies to our actions, but equally to our inner dispositions and motives. It is not enough to merely refrain from doing a bad thing, but a person must not even want or intend to do it. A criminal justice professional must be able to justify the decision based on his or her own set of values and beliefs. Becoming an ethical person is a journey in which one must evaluate his or her own morals and values and also face everyday choices that will not only have a lasting effect on themselves, but on their co-workers, the citizens they serve and the offenders in the criminal justice

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However, as we discussed in class, there are so many situations where ethical decision-making occurs, and there are so many factors that influence why we do what we do. Because we work with a multitude people with interesting and diverse lives and backgrounds, and because we come in with our own baggage and experiences that influence how we act and react, we make split-second decisions all the time that can have profound effects on our work and our consumers. Having so many opportunities to look at my own actions, this particular assignment has been so rewarding and interesting for me. This is the first time in any of my assignments where I have been forced to look at how ethics is involved in our

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