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Kounin Mode Theory In Classroom Management

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First,Elearn Portal,(2016) post the Kounin Mode theory of Jacob Kounin. He is recognized for two studies concerning classroom management in the 1970’s (Jacob Kounin. ) . it emphasized how teachers could manage students, lessons and classrooms to reduce the incidence of bad behaviour. This theorist acknowledged definite teaching techniques that help, and hinder, classroom discipline (Mode theory of Jacob Kounin) . Bestowing to Kounin, the method used, not the teacher’s personality, is the most crucial aspect in classroom management of student behaviour. The title of his book is Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms which centres on preventive discipline. He says that, good classroom management depends on operative lesson management. …show more content…

This approach to classroom management creates a safe space to learn, as mainly it is their space. Also, in this theory Assertive Discipline ,Lee& Marlene(1976),states that rules and behaviour expectations must be clearly stated and enforced. Teachers are never to threaten students, but to promise fair consequences for improper behaviour. For this model to work, the teacher must use a firm voice and constant eye contact. This model places responsibility for bad student conduct on the teacher. (Miss Parcell …show more content…

He called this need to belong the genuine goal of human social behaviour. Dreikurs believed that when learners are not able to gain their genuine goal of belonging they turn to a series of mistaken goals. Mistaken goals are defined as attention, power, revenge and inadequacy. This is when students misbehave. (Key Theories on Classroom Management,n.d)
B F Skinner(1954), relied on the statement that the best way to modify behaviour was to modify the environment. He was a proponent for many instructional strategies that modern day "progressive” educational reformers advocate for: scaffold instruction, small units, repetition and review of instructions, and immediate feedback. Skinner did not approve of the use of punishments in school, or as a behavioural modification technique in general. He posits that punishments were ineffective and he advocated for the frequent use of reinforcement (i.e. rewards) to modify and influence student

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In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.

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As a result, the readers of the book benefited a lot from this book since it exposes the professionals who carried out the project as Dr. Patricia M. Greenfield, Ms. Blanca Quiroz, and many others were are notable in their work. Furthermore, it brings out the issue of schools demographics and contexts and, more importantly, help them apply the approach brought in the project on how to deal with classroom organization management. The fascinating thing about this book is the breakdown of the Bridging Culture Project, which assists a lot in understanding the issue of classroom management. Next time I happen to teach in a classroom, I will be very carefully about the class organization because this is the starting point of success in class and is very true to say that class management is all about creating a friendly environment for continuous learning to take place. I will rightly start by studying every student in my classroom and more specifically his or her culture then proceed to bridge the gap between the culture and the instruction that I give in

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Skinner devised the theory of operant conditioning. Operant Conditioning is defined as an important form of learning “in which a learner’s behavior becomes either more or less predictable depending on the consequences it produces” (Singleman & Rider, 2018, p. 42). To better explain, this theory plays out when a learner behaves in a certain way and associates that behavior with either the positive or negative consequences that follow. The idea is that humans tend to continue behaviors that have positive consequences and extinguish those that have negative consequences. Regina George shows exactly how this theory plays out by using positive and negative reinforcement within her friend group to condition them in behaving how she wants them

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Skinners experiment was based on operant conditioning, using the concept of discrimination learning, he carried out experiments on animals with the idea that their behaviour is predetermined by their environment and using a well controlled environment would allow him to in turn control their behaviours using a range of triggers. Using reinforcement and expectancy, the animal associates acting out certain behaviours with rewards. (Toates, F., 2010, pp. 165-167) After performing a number of experiments on rats using mazes, he subsequently designed the Skinner box.

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Classroom management is a play a huge portion in student learning. Discipline problems will arise in the classroom, but when conflicts occur, teachers can deal more effectively when they respond appropriately to the situation, by listening to the students and using problem solving skills. All teaching involves assessing and

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Skinner mastered. Some think that using Operant conditioning with positive and negative punishment and negative reinforcement works better than positive reinforcement. The positive reinforcement has consequences and comes with a rewarding outlook. This is a consequence that causes a behavior to increase. It would work out better if the adult explains to the child what was done and how to fix it than to punish with negative reinforcement.

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3.1) Theories of Behaviour Management Behaviour management is a tool, a system, generates learning environment to encourage positive behaviour and minimise the opportunity for negative conduct to occur. It is like modifying and change learner's action in a positive manner where the primary focus lies on maintaining order. Many theorists presented their views in their research work on the understanding of the nature of the behaviour BILL ROGER is an education consultant and author present his work on behaviour management, discipline, effective teaching, and stress management etc. and also lectures widely covers the topic to both the learner and the teacher for the challenges facing in leadership in educational premises. Bill Roger recommended

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In contrast to Redl and Wattenberg 's theories about teachers; Skinner 's theory states that behaving students will continue to demonstrate positive behavior. The misbehaving students, desiring the positive reinforcement, will begin to behave appropriately. Redl and Wattenberg 's (1959) theories have contributed significantly to classroom management. Middle school educators can take several directions from those theories. Some of which are understanding group dynamics where one 6th-grade teacher established a rule that students must raise their hands to answer a question.

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Throughout this essay I will be explaining how a behaviour policy supports teachers and how it can also create an effective learning environment. I will also be highlighting any issues which could potentially arise from the use of a behaviour policy. A behaviour policy is guidance for members of staff within a school on how to deal with different behaviours, and sets out the expectations of behaviour for all children at the school. If a behaviour policy is written well it will support the formation of an effective learning environment. An effective learning environment for young children is an environment in which all children feel able to express themselves freely, allowing them to learn effectively.

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Link to reality: Both Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning and Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning can be used every day in an ECCE setting. Today many school systems and childhood authorities follow Skinner’s and Pavlov’s theory by using the approach of positive reinforcement. This encourages good behaviour in the child making the behaviour more likely to be repeated again as they are rewarded and praised for their efforts in reading, writing and general learning. It is important that children’s efforts in a learning setting are rewarded as this will encourage the child to perform to the best of their ability.

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Kohn argues that using ‘lures for learning’ can result in students experiencing anxiety (1993, p.8). Also in special education settings students are possibly subjected to ‘Skinnerian manipulation’ (1993, p. 8). This highlights the role of criticality in classroom management and the importance of teasing out underlying assumptions through reflection (Brookfield, 1995). It raises ethical awareness to the behaviourist choices we make as teachers as we ought to recognise that we are not looking to alter the personality of young students through behaviourist techniques, but rather reduce anti-social behaviours. Contrary to this, in Kohn’s view, behaviourist teaching is seen as a ‘controlling’ technique and as a way to increase learning performance.

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1.5 Kohn’s Student Directed Learning Theory Kohn’s student-directed learning theory is an approach to the classroom management which may be particularly effective in the modern classroom environment. Student-directed learning will keep students motivated and teaches them to cooperate with each other sharing responsibilities and functions within their community. Kohn believes that the ideal classroom emphasizes on curiosity and cooperation above all, and that the student’s curiosity should determine what is taught. "Skillful educators tap students ' natural curiosity and desire to become competent.

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There should only be a minimal amount of rules, they should have easy, positive wording, and should be specific observable behavior (Marchant, 2012). The following literature reviews will show the importance of proactive classroom management through praise and consistent consequences through punishments. It will attempt to show the link between each behavior management technique and a decrease in disruptive

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School and teachers can influence the extent and quality of learning for all students. Teacher’s beliefs, practices and attitudes are important for understanding and improving educational processes. They are closely linked to teachers’ strategies for coping with challenges in their daily professional life. Educators have control over numerous factors that influence motivation, achievement and behaviour of students. They are turning around their approach into a focus on creating positive school climate and responsive classroom as part of holistic quality education based on child rights where there is effective teaching and classroom management, thus enhancing students’ learning experiences.

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Teaching is not controlling, but rather working with the students to learn, grow, and succeed together. By having strong student-teacher relationships with students, the classroom will be a place for each member to express their feelings and work together. Academic success depends on these close relationships and guidance that teachers and students have with one another. Classroom management aims at establishing student self-control through a process of promoting positive student achievement and behavior. Thus, academic achievement, teacher efficacy, and teacher and student behavior are directly linked with the concept of classroom management.

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