Maslow's Theory Of Humanistic Learning
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Finally we will discuss the theory of humanism. Humanism is the contrast of behaviorism and cognitive theory. In humanistic learning, its main purpose is to facilitate the learner to foster learner compatible with the environment. The learning process is practiced very appropriate and compatible for the learner. Practiced this theory can also help learner to become a man who can make decisions. It also gives flexibility to the learner to learn at their convenience.
Maslow (1954) developed hierarchy of needs as a model to understand the needs of individuals. He believed every person has a strong power to satisfy a requirement in the desire to achieve self satisfaction. As a guide line for learner, he creates “Maslow hierarchy”. The first need is to be fulfilled and as an important basic needs and it is physiological needs such as food, water. After all the basic needs which is physiological and safety needs been achieve, now the person can go to psychological needs which is contents of belongings and love needs, and also esteem needs. As he’s able to accomplished 2 previous needs, he can move to the higher level. He’s able to build self esteem which eventually lead him to self actualization and it is a self fulfillment needs.
Basically, the goal of learning is to achieve self actualization, which its help to become the best learner they can. Carl Roger (1994) agreed with the main assumption of Maslow. But he added needs of “self actualization”
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Self-actualization is seen in Illusions. Don, the messiah, as discovered his maximum potential and is trying to pass on his knowledge to Richard. According to Maslow, to obtain self-actualization one must be free from the distraction of lower needs. Don is not even distracted by food. b.
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Maslow used the terms physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem, self-actualization, and self-transcendence to describe the pattern that human motivations in the main move
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Maslow’s Hierarchy is based on students in a school setting which includes an order that ranks students/ concepts from lowest to highest. Before meeting the higher levels of the hierarchy, humans must meet the lower levels first. The lowest levels of the hierarchy are four different levels of deficiency needs and the highest levels are three levels of growth needs. The first lowest level of deficiency needs are Psychological needs such as food, water, shelter.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham
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These demands are ranked in the order that they most preoccupy the individual. To illustrate, an individual is not preoccupied by physiological needs such as hunger or thirst, he is then free to seek out that which gives him a sense of safety; moreover, if the individual isn’t preoccupied with finding a safety, warmth, and shelter, he can spend time time seeking out companionship (Huitt, 2007). Maslow proposes 8 levels of motivational needs, the first four, termed the deficiency needs, need to be fulfilled before the second four, the growth needs, can be adressed. The deficiency needs are: bodily needs, the need for safety, social needs, and self esteem. The Growth needs are: the search for understanding, the need to be aesthetically pleased, self actualization, and finally, self-transcendence, which is the highest level, where one has acquired wisdom (Huitt,
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The Road: A Breakdown of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs In Cormac McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic novel, “The Road”, a man and his young son find themselves on a journey fighting for survival through a dark and desolate world. With no identity or any hope in the future, the characters are faced with many compromising decisions. Two levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the physiological and safety levels provide the most motivation and validation for the characters’ actions throughout the novel. There are 5 major levels to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs; physiological, safety, emotional, esteem, and self-actualization (Maslow 1).
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The first one is Maslow’s need theory which is a motivational theory that illustrates the five types of human being needs in hierarchical pyramid structure. The first type of Maslow’s hierarchy is psychological need such as air, food, shelter, water. The second type is safety needs such as security from outside threats and freedom from fear. The third type is belongings need such as friendship, trust and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. The forth type is esteem needs such as self-respect and to be respected from others.
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Roger’s Humanist Theory believes, “That humans are innately good and that they are growth oriented,” (Nye, pg. 105, 2000). Due to the fact that this theory has the belief that individuals are inherently good, Beth’s negative behaviors are not part of her personality, but formed out of her early childhood environment. The Humanistic approach also states, to reach self-actualization, the environment surrounding an individual must be nurturing (Sougstad, Humanistic Psychology, 2018); Beth was not afforded with this type of environment, explaining her negative and harmful behaviors towards her family. In addition, the Humanistic Theory also concludes, “Humans basically need and want both personal fulfillment and close, intimate relationships with others,” (Nye, Pg. 98, 2000). Referring back to Beth’s early childhood environment again, the lack of an appropriate, intimate and caring relationship between her and her biological parents left her without the needed environment to fully develop.
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The theory dictates that people must reach each level of need to go to the next one. The first level is physiological needs, or the basic needs of survival such as, food, water, air, and shelter. The second level is safety and security of several forms. So, theoretically humans would need food and water before they could feel any level of security. Additionally, the third level is the feeling of belongingness and love that humans desire.
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Whereas, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs were also divided into different stages from the physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongings, esteem and then to the stage of self-actualization (Maslow,
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This theory is proposed by Araham Harold Maslow by year 1954. There are 5 different needs in this theory which consists of: Physiological; Safety; Belongingness; Need for esteem and Self-actualization. Maslow believed that a man being motivated by the needs he wants to satisfy. So, the fundamental needs must be satisfy in order to begin motivating behavior (Adiele and Abraham, 2013). 1) Physiological Physiological needs is fundamental and most basic need for human survival.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and the four principles of Ethics are also evident in this assignment. 1.1 Maslow Hierarchy of needs This pyramid concept was created by a psychologist named Abraham Maslow. [Figure 1] The most basic needs are at the base and the more complex needs of the patient is at the top of the pyramid ¹. The lower four needs are referred to as deficiency needs, these needs are due to a lack of something and they have to be satisfied to avoid unpleasantness.¹
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Maslow proposed five-level classification of human needs as physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualisation. He suggested that physiological needs are the basic needs and these needs should be satisfied first and then subsequent needs emerge. Self-actualisation is the highest order of needs and to fulfill this need a person should be biologically efficient, usually in better health, both mentally and physically. The degree of satisfaction is resulted by fulfillment of these hierarchy of needs. However, these needs can vary individual to individual regarding their personal characteristics, pathology, and health care settings.
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According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, there are five broad motivational needs classified into basic needs and growth needs (Kaur, 2013). The basic needs include, esteem, psychological, love and safety. On the other hand, growth needs involve self-actualization. In this regard, Maslow stipulated that individuals are motivated to attain certain needs (Kaur, 2013). These needs are arranged in such a way that the lower needs must be met before the higher ones.
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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This theory lies on the premise that people can rarely achieve their full potential without having met their basic needs; if the target population lacks of basic needs, any intervention that does not address this particular issue will fail. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the physiological and psychological needs. Once these needs are covered, we will be able to engage someone to change habits in order to achieve our goals. It is highly important to recognize the target population and their basic needs.
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