Modernity In The 18th Century

Modernity refers to means of social, the world since 18th century onward improved in many aspects like communication, new innovations, and various development of science. The main ideas that shaped the modern world were the rise of intellectual thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Voltaire and others after the collapse of the Church control over state and the rise of secular state. Each of intellectual thinkers had collaborated to contribute for new ideas and thoughts to develop the social science, sociology, psychology and science. In modernity there was a “moving from a system based upon the manufacture of material goods to one concerned more centrally with information” (Gabbines, 1990 P.2). Capitalism was the major

Philosophers opposed the Christian believe that “the earth is the center of the universe”, they become more away from religion, and the knowledge must be outside the regions (Hall, 1992 ‘p.30’). Because of the church ignored the philosopher and thinkers and all their ideas that relate to universe and knowledge, philosophers start to rebill against the church. Towards the end of the church rule, many philosopher forms intellectual approaches first anti-clericalism, which refers to the philosophers to be opposed, the religious persecution, second, a belief in the pre-eminence of empirical, materialist knowledge, third, the interest toward technology and medical progress, science inventions and doctors to become important things in society, and finally, a desire for legal and constitutional reform (Hall, 1992

To Marx the class struggle was because the fundamental breakups in capitalism lead to industrial revolution. Durkheim believed the future expansion of industrialism the social life would be more united which result the division between the labours and the individualism (Giddens, 1990). The idea that the modern world will become more secure is not true. Due to the facts of the spread of military power, nuclear weapon and the events that occurred during the 20th century. The spread of totalitarianism is also one of the main thing that gave arise of modern world, such as the rise of fascism, many leaders during early 20th century followed the concept of fascism, Stalin, and Hitler both establish their own way of totalitarianism Stalinism and Nazi (Giddens, 1990). The resulting events that follow their leads were holocausts and the massive killing during Stalin regime (Giddens, 1990). The emergence of modernity didn’t include happy moments for everyone; it was a time where only strong country controls the weak country. Modernity brought new concept called colonization (Giddens,