1. List nine key phonological skills (e.g. blending, segmentation etc.). Carefully consider what is involved in each, give an example and briefly describe how you think it contributes to early reading development
a. Auditory attention is the ability to take in important auditory information. People pay attention mostly to what they are interested in, especially in the classroom, when you see a child more interested in the gardener watering the plants than the teacher talking about a science experiment.
b. Auditory discrimination is the ability to hear the difference between sounds. It allows people to distinguish between phonemes in words. (Verywell Family, 2018). A child who struggles with auditory discrimination may have difficulty telling differences
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Phoneme Segmentation is the ability to break down words into their constituent sounds. An example would be breaking the word ‘cat’ into its component sounds c-a-t. Being able to split words into their separate speech sounds helps students to encode unfamiliar words, which is an advantage when learning to spell.
d. Segmentation of sentences: Learners sometimes get confused by sentences and write down a string of letters in an attempt to put words onto paper. In this case, a teacher can write short sentences and ask the learner how many words there are. For example, ‘Swimming is fun’ contains three words. This is a helpful activity in helping learners build up to segmenting words into their constituent sounds.
e. Syllable segmentation is the ability to identify how many syllables there are in a word (e.g. ta-ble). Syllable segmentation is important for the development of a child’s sound awareness in words
f. Auditory Sequencing is the ability to understand and recall the order of sounds and words. A child with this weakness will mix up numbers with the same digits in different order (84 and 48) and may switch the sequence of sounds in words (ephelant instead of elephant) (Child Mind Institute,