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Plessy Vs Ferguson Research Paper

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The year of 1965 the black community let out a collective victory cry. They had finally gotten the rights they fought hard for. They could at last vote, go to school and college, and got the working condition they deserve. They couldn 't have done it without Martin Luther King Jr., but there were a slew of cases that were tried and further assisted in opening the black community 's opportunity pool. They were well known cases, like the Plessy vs. Ferguson, Brown vs. Board of Education, and the Regents of the University vs. Bakke, all very influential cases in the fight for rights. Plessy vs. Ferguson, one of the bigger cases in the turning point for rights, gave the black community a big boost forward. There was a man named Homer Adoph Plessy that had a problem with the way things were going at the time and he wanted equal rights. But there was another man named John Ferguson who thought that everything was just skippy. They went to court to settle their quarrel. The verdict was as …show more content…

Before this case, people of the black community couldn 't go to college and they would settle for inferior. They weren 't even allowed to be interviewed for college as they were viewed as inferior as the titles they carried. Allan Bakke wanted to go medical school, but that was pretty difficult considering they didn 't even begin to consider letting him in. He filed a suit after his shocking revelation and the Supreme Court ordered the college to let him in, after which the college appealed to the court. The court accepted and the verdict came to this:" In Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that a university 's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school 's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances." The college was asked to at least consider blacks in the admittance of college and they were asked to not use quotas in the admission

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In 1950, in the Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents cases, the Court struck down segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools. The Justice Department, in its brief to the Court, said it believed Plessy was unconstitutional and should be overturned. NAACP Legal Defense Fund lawyers, led by Thurgood Marshall, began to devise a strategy that would force the Court to re-examine the constitutionality of the separate-but-equal doctrine (2015 The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights/The Leadership Conference Education Fund). Thomas Madison had every right to go that college, he met every schoo. 1978:

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SUMMARY In this landmark case Allan Bakke, a white applicant to the University of California, Davis Medical School, sued claiming his denial of admission on racial grounds was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The standing rule at the time was that race may be a factor in determining admission to educational institutions; however it cannot be the sole determining factor. FACTS OF THE CASE The University of California, Davis Medical School had been reserving 16 spots in each class out of 100 for disadvantaged minorities.

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In 1997, a legislation was passed in Texas, requiring all high school seniors who ranked in the top 10% of their classes to be admitted to the school. Fast forwarding to 2008, both Plaintiffs Abigail Noel Fisher and Rachel Multer Michalewicz applied to the University of Texas at Austin, but where denied. They believed that they were denied due to the fact that they were white. In 2009, United States District Court judge Sam Sparks upheld the University's policy, finding that it meets the standards laid out in Grutter v. Bollinger.[8]

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Though in Grutter v. Bollinger we deal with the 14th amendment of the Equal Protection Clause and racial classifications too, the way race is used is slightly differs. In this particular case, the court had to decide whether the use of race at the Univeristy of Michigan Law School during the admissions process violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment. Barbara Grutter, a Caucasian applicant, applied to the University of Michigan in 1996 with a 3.8 GPA and a score of 161 on her LSAT. Grutter was placed on the waitlist, but was subsequently denied admission to the school. Grutter claims that she was only denied because of her race, as the University uses race as a factor in the admission process.

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The U.S. Supreme Court Case Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke was officially decided June 28, 1978. The case addressed the issue of use of affirmative action in university admissions processes. Affirmative action, also referred to as positive discrimination, was a result of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, and was intended to ensure equal entry to educational institutions or employment entities to certain groups that “have historically suffered invidious discrimination” (Janda et al., 477). However, sometimes this method causes discrimination of other groups, through establishment of racial quotas. University of California employed the process of affirmative action and instituted racial quotas in its admissions

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During the mid-to-late-1900s, there was a lot of controversy surrounding race. Although slavery had been abolished around a century ago, many people still did not treat African Americans as equals. Even the supreme court had declared that white people and black people should remain “separate but equal”, in their landmark case Plessy Vs Ferguson (“Separate but Equal - Separate Is Not Equal.”, n.d.). The “separate but equal” doctrine meant that African Americans were to be given separate facilities and opportunities from white people, given that they were equal to each other.

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The civil rights area of the 1960s is over. Affirmative action policies based on racial quotas or preferences have been struck down by the Supreme Court, yet states have an interest in college admission that are diverse and reflect their general population. The University of Texas finds itself defending policies intended to conform to recent court rulings yet merely mentioning race as a factor in a holistic review has drawn a challenge. The University of Texas process of admissions aligns with Gutter V Bollinger. The facts of this case are in keeping with previous court precedents.

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The original case was tried in a district court and was defeated on the grounds that the black schools and white schools were sufficiently equal and therefore segregated schooling in the district was protected under the Plessy decision. He then had to take his case to the Supreme court, in which they then called it Brown vs. Board of Education. Brown overturned the Plessy decision which was "separate but equal". During this case there was segregation for adults and children as

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There was more information supporting Plessy than there was supporting Ferguson, but Plessy was found guilty. Plessy was not guilty though. Plessy got arrested because he sat in a train car specifically for white people. Plessy refused to move to another car for blacks and got arrested (Duignan, Brian). His first court appearance was in 1892.

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Bakke (1978) stated that the supreme court struck down on certain types of race-based preferences in state college admissions as violating the equal protection clause. This made it easier for minorities to be accepted to colleges. Sixteen out of one hundred seats were reserved for minority applicants, which were Blacks, Asians, Chicanos, and Native Americans. A white applicant named Allan Bakke, was denied admission twice, despite having a higher GPA and MCAT score than some of the minority applicant who were accepted admission. This is discrimination because applicants were accepted just because of their race, which goes against the 14th amendment.

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This case was not just an event in history, but a strong point that supported and still supports equality to this day. People can use this case to help support their reasoning for what they believe in and why certain actions should

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1454 Words | 6 Pages

Because of this, in 1978, after receiving his second rejection letter from the University of California Davis Medical School, a man by the name of Allan Bakke, who was a very qualified candidate, sued the U.C Davis on the basis that their quota program violated his rights. The court decided that quota programs were a failed means of upholding affirmative action and ruled that it was a violation of the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. In the end, U.C Davis and many other schools ended their quota programs in favor of a more holistic means of assessing candidates in which race did play a factor --thus still adhering to the affirmative action laws-- but not as severe as in quota programs (Colonial Williamsburg’s Nutshell History: Affirmative

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First, in 1954, the US Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education to abolish separate but equal practices and this would lead to later advances in affirmative action. Second, in 1997 the University of Michigan was sued by white students, who claimed the affirmative action policies used race and gender as a factor in admissions. This case was groundbreaking, as it was the first anti-affirmative action case ever. Third, in 2001, the judge in the Grutter v. Bollinger case ruled that the University of Michigan’s admission policy was unconstitutional. Lastly, in 2003, Gratz v. Bollinger, which challenged a policy containing a point system that gave priority to minority applicants, was overturned six to three.

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The case was one of the biggest turning points for African Americans to becoming accepted into white society at the time and to achieve the rights they always should have had; education. Nonetheless, many series of events led up to the occurrence of desegregation in all schools in the nation similar to how history is made up of a series of continuous events. The Supreme Court decides "separate but equal" is unconstitutional which induced white opposition, integration of Central High School, and the event of public schools closing for a year. To begin, white opposition was present in many forms in the time when integration was flourishing.

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A lawsuit was filed and eventually made it to the US Supreme Court in which they found the admission policy violated the Equal Protection Clause Fourteenth Amendment of Gratz and Hamacher. Prior to this case, most colleges and universities stated diversity is an integral component to a successful institution. They weren 't really sure how far they could push this issue during the admission process as it was considered a gray area. The US Supreme Courts decision in the University of Michigan 's case clarified this gray area on affirmative action policies. The university of Michigan ended up "banning" Affirmative Action for minorities.

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