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Primary Discourse

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1) The two types of Discourses, “saying (writing)-doing-being-valuing- believing combinations,” James Paul Gee addresses in his essay “Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics” are Primary Discourses and Secondary Discourses. These Discourses are “ways of being in the world; they are forms of life which integrate words, acts, values, beliefs, attitudes, and social identities as well as gestures, glances, body positions, and clothes.” Both Discourses are acquired through acculturation. Our primary Discourse is acquired in the home and peer groups. While secondary Discourses are obtained through “various non-home based social institutions,” such as churches, schools, and organizations. 4) Lindquist and Seitz argue that the No Child Left Behind …show more content…

She theorizes that reading and writing is a mosaic of diverse practices that are situated events and related to larger social configurations” (Kalman, p. 526). Throughout different times in history, a literate person has been defined by many skills and abilities. Literacy is situated in specific events as well as influenced by access and availability. Kalman views literacy through mediation, multiple literacies, context, and …show more content…

From this idea one can interpret that writing systems led to literacy, and that no full sense of literacy existed beforehand. This idea is credited to first being seen by Jack Goody and Ian Watt, they “saw literacy as a primary factor in the rise of what we now call a literate society, and more grandly, civilization: civil society, the society of rules and laws” (3). This idea that literacy was a primary factor in a civil society of rules and laws came with oppositions from scholars. The four claims of why this hypothesis does not hold are that “no firm line can be drawn between oral and written,” “the relation between literacy and social development are far more complicated than had been suspected,” “literacy takes many forms suited to particular social functions in particular social contexts,” and lastly, “the formerly accepted idea that because writing is permanent, it has been a fixity of meaning, may have to be revised.” While “writing and literacy have become essential aspects of understanding language, mind and society,” there are biases that writing puts on language and

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In her text, “Cognition, Convention and Certainty,” Patricia Bizzell describes the writing process through both inner-directed and outer-directed theories in order to illustrate that the writing process is infirmed by both student’s natural thought processes and their discourse community She uses her text to explain both theories, and to argue for the implementation of a new pedagogy focused on discourse analysis. First, Bizzell introduces the inner –directed theory, which seeks to discover the writing processes through the universal and fundamental structure of language. Conversely, she explains that the outer-directed theory instead argues that the individual’s discourse community does not teach a generalized form of language but rather the

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Defend What Is Important; Literacy Undoubtedly, we all had a tangled history with education as we strive to become erudite, but often practicality's nature interrupted our chances of becoming literate. Somewhere along the path of education we miss to intercept some content with the concept and begins to pervert from a discipline of language along with literature. Furthermore, being literate has become a mere ornament as the author Wendell Berry describes "In Defense of Literacy". Berry suggests that it is an absurd idea of that we must defend literacy, but he claims that it is a great necessity.

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Tony Scott says that, “writers are socialized, changed, through their writing in new environments…” (Scott, 2). This quote relates because it reinstates what Deborah Brandt wrote in her piece, “Sponsors of Literacy”. She said, “Sponsors are delivery systems for the economies of literacy, the means by which these forces present themselves to-and

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We communicate in many ways, either by email, telephone, text, face to face, social media or letters and the language we use allows us to get things done, nonetheless the language and communication method in which we chose to use can vary depending on the discourse community. Much like John Swales suggests a discourse community involves a group of people who share the same common public goals, such as shared interests, rules, structure, and vocabulary. When thinking about the several discourse communities I am evolved in, which include family, coaching football, college student, and a few friends. These discourse communities have influenced me, given me insight of where I come from and tell who I am as a person. I also believe much like Swales,

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A discourse in this understanding is not based on the classical distinction between thought and action, it “(…) is about the production of knowledge through language. But it is itself produced by a practice: “discursive practice” – the practice of producing meaning” (Hall, 2006:165). It follows that because all social practices involve meaning, all practices necessarily have a discursive side. A discourse is comparable to what sociologists would call an ‘ideology’. It is composed of statements and/or beliefs that shape knowledge in the interest of one particular group.

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