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Pros And Cons Of Genetically Modified Eucalyptus Plants

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The world’s first GM eucalyptus tree: benefits and concerns
Introduction
Since the commercialization of genetically modified crops in 1996 the use of plant biotechnology has risen enormously. Within the first two years after commercialization in the United states transgenic plants replaced about 30% of the non-transgenic plants in the entire country (Willmitzer, 1999). In the first years of genetically modified crops use, the newly introduced traits in the crops where characterized by making the plants resistant to herbicides and larvae from harmful insect species. These kind of traits are called input traits, meaning that they alter the input needed for production of the crops (Willmitzer, 1999). In contrast to input traits, a new kind of …show more content…

After testing the amount of GMO present in the honey cel1 was not detected at all. The nptII protein content was far below the threshold for the honey products to be marked as transgenic. Another public concern is the transmission of transgenic DNA to other plants in the area. Luckily eucalyptus is sexually incompatible with all other plants in Brazil since it was introduced from Australia (BCH, 2016). Furthermore, the concerns that the GM eucalyptus will become an invasive species are unfounded. Eucalyptus has been in Brazil for over hundred years and although it has some of the characteristics, so far it has always failed to behave like an invading plant (Silva et al., 2011). Thereby, the areas where eucalyptus is planted are usually surrounded by environment conservation areas or even by water (BCH, …show more content…

The GM eucalyptus is exactly the same as its conventional line except for the two added genes which do not seem to interfere with any of the eucalyptus its original characteristics. The main issue seems to be that of a possible spread of transgenic DNA to other organisms in the same area. Contaminating them with GM material. Because eucalyptus is not used as food by animals this thread is very low. The only real thread at the moment seems to be the before named thread of pollinators causing GM material to end up in their honey. The amount of GM eucalyptus in a certain area should be controlled to make sure the percentage of nptII in honey does not rise. Furthermore, a suitable IP strategy for this event could be a Utility patent, because this event is the first to genetically modify an eucalyptus tree. A Utility patent also protects the GM for a long time and is available in multiple

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It is a sad reality that the corporate giant Monsanto is a wolf in sheep 's clothing, causing not only harmful consequences to the environment but to the overall well being of mankind. This is primarily due to the production of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, and the popular herbicide Roundup. Genetically modified organisms are the product of the process of transferring the DNA of one organism to that of an unrelated species. This process of horizontal gene transfer is sometimes mistaken with cross-breeding, which is a completely safe and natural process (Mercola). Moreover, in GM seeds pesticides are often injected into the DNA of the seed so that the pesticides do not have to be sprayed.

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From 2000 to 2013, a 71% increase was seen in the adoption of GM corn seeds known as stacked seeds because they contain multiple GE traits. (Cornrjo et al. para 8). These seeds are resistant to pesticides and have the ability to grow in harsh conditions, which is why they have their use has increased. More and more plants are becoming genetically modified and soon all plants may have some trace of genetic modification.

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In the future, it may be equipped with genetically modified plants with mechanisms designed to prevent gene flow. This is important for the co-existence of GM and traditional crops, especially that medical and industrial use of genetically modified plants. Environmental indirect effects of genetically modified crops include changes in agricultural or environmental practices associated with new varieties. Whether the net effect of these changes had to be positive or negative on the environment is still controversial, calling for a more comparative analysis of new technologies and agricultural practices.

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The Fund Food and Agriculture Organization has regulated to not use the processes of gene transfer of antibiotic resistance to new GMOS (Popescu and Nicolescu 54). As far as the natural transfer of mixing cultures and seeds from natural crops, national strategies have been implemented to reduce mixing, and separate the perimeters of GMOs and conventional crops (Popescu and Nicolescu 55). To grasp a better understanding of GMOs, lets analyze the single story of GMOs and how it all began when a biologist by the name of Gilles-Eric Seralini published an article

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“In the genetic engineering process, scientists splice a specific gene that exhibits certain traits into a plant to create new artificial characteristics in organisms” (Burgaard; Streker).   The resulting organism is considered GM, or genetically modified. The desired traits currently being practiced through genetic engineering are insect resistance, weed control, and improved nutritional content (Turner). The

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Germplasm improvements from traditional breeding have contributed to modest but steady increases in yield. Marker-assisted breeding has nearly doubled the rate of yield gain when compared to traditional breeding alone” (Monsanto). This is not the only evidence that Monsanto boasts. Since 1996, on average, the volume of herbicide used on corn and soybeans has dropped 2o percent since herbicide tolerant corn has been introduced. There has even been reduction in greenhouse gas emissions associated with GM crops for 2006 is estimated to be equal to removing more than half a million cars from the road.

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The labelling of genetically modified foods is seen as wholesome common sense, and it should be required to have the information on the back of every product. People have been manipulating the genetic makeup of plants for numerous generations using the process of traditional cross breeding. Genetically modified crops have been traded, grown and consumed around the world, including Australia since 1996. The progress and advancement in this field has impacted the way we view the deeper issues of this technology. While genetic engineering crop property has been gradually increasing, so have concerns, in that producing and eating genetically modified foods may pose unexpected environmental and health hazards.

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The government of Peru has previously banned the use of GMO’s in 2011 for 10 years. This ban should allow time for the scientist to further research and come to a clear conclusion on the subject of GMOS. This would allow GMO’s to produce results showing all the risks and benefits of GMO’s. This ban, would allow Peru and countries all over the world to make an educated correct decisions on GMO’S safety by looking at the facts. GMO’s could have negative physiological effects on Peru’s native species, an example of this, is from Alejandro Argumedo of the ANDES Association in Cusco says he “worries about the physiological effects the introduction of GMOs would have on Peru’s native species.”

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Agricultural crops have been genetically enhanced to face pests, diseases, climate change and be more productive as well. For genome editing by SSN technologies genome modifications can be made without insertion of transgenes, which makes it different form other transformation techniques. Although insertion of transgenes at a targeted location in the genome is possible by using SSN. In the USA, various reviewers have consequently called for modifications in the GM plants regulation because genome-edited organisms would no longer be categorized as transgenic organisms. In contrast, European Union (EU) regulation now considers all GM crops as transgenic, whether this includes genome editing or the insertion of foreign DNA and therefore subject to risk assessment and it’s regulation.

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Monsanto’s core competency is the insertion of traits into crop plant genomes (Paulis). Monsanto genes are found in the vast majority of soy and corn grown in the U.S. and its products and technologies are licensed to many commercial farmers. It is leading in terms of operational leadership as Monsanto’s technologies have enabled the seed business to be more relevant to meet the demand in food industry. The company has a strong R&D structure to continually innovate products either through breeding or biotechnology. Through the breeding path, plant genes are combined and altered by conventional cross-breeding methods a swell as by technology- and computer-assisted methods.

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Throughout the last 20 years Australians have joined the growing trend of producing genetically modified food. The Australian government have realised the economic and environmental positives of introducing GM food into the community. Matthew Cossey, Chief Executive Officer of the national peak organisation for Australia’s plant science sector, CropLife Australia has released a statement hoping to persuade concerned members of

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The studies reviewed present evidence to show that genetically modified plants are nutritionally equal to their non-GM counterparts and can be safely used in food.” (Journal of Food and

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The result was groundbreaking, the bacteria was now successfully embedded with a resistance to the specific antibiotic. Seven years later, in 1970 the supreme court allowed genetically engineered crops to be patented, thus creating a market for the beginning of a useful sustainable farming method. Soon after, biotechnologist began attempting to create mutations of certain crops to be resistant to the chemicals that are used to inhibit weed growth. Currently, over 92 percent of all commercial plants are genetically engineered in some way. (United States Department of Agriculture)

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This is because the better trait is produced by engineering genes which results in favoring one organism. Genetically modified organism can interrupt the natural process of the gene flow. A possible issue with the modified crop genes ending up in the soil which can produce new strands that can eventually attack the plant species and producing a new strand. Genes from the GM crops can spread to organic farm crops threating the diversity in agriculture. Due to cross pollination to non-gm plants, new hybrid strains are created.

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