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Qualitative Research: Annotated Bibliography

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McMillan explains that the value of qualitative research is derived from the postulation “that multiple realities are represented in participant perspectives, and that context is critical in exploring and understanding the phenomenon being investigated” (McMillan, 2015, p. 304). Additional to this position, the interdependence of factors and influences lend to the holistic perspective of research; thereby emphasizing the interconnectedness of all the parts of a study rather than variables to reach conclusions, or develop frameworks. Integral to qualitative research are the insights, interactions and induction by which researchers analyze and interpret data. McMillan characterizes this is a “bottom-up” approach to research design, and allows …show more content…

The use of multiple sources for data collection supports the position that “the researcher should use multiple methods of data collection” (McMillan, 2015, p. 334) to establish credibility. According to the text, triangulation is the “collection and use of data collected from different individuals at different times or in different places, or several sources of data” (McMillan, 2015, p. 357). Finding the points where data from various sources coincide provides a general sense of the reliability of a conclusion or pattern based on represented correlations. As McMillan explains, when a researcher uses at least two sources where the data points to the same conclusion the findings have been triangulated (p. 357). The advantage of triangulating findings is that the data supports itself. In terms of qualitative research, triangulated data allows for a more insightful inductive analysis of what the data represents; as well, triangulation allows for the process orientation of research to validate the why and how of participants’ behaviors. Moreover, McMillan expresses that “triangulation is perhaps the most widely used technique to establish credible findings” (McMillan, 2015, p.

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The study is credible and trustworthy because Vetter used “triangulated

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University of California, Santa Barbara upon first glance exclusively represents the term university, meaning that UCSB is widely and solely represented as a place of education. This can be noted, as well as supported, in the universities’ statement of their mission, which focuses on the fact that “Teaching and research go hand-in-hand at UC Santa Barbara” and the students are on “educational journey.” However, once UCSB is holistically analyzed it is shown to reflect more than a University, but rather an organization that follows not only the bureaucratic but also organizational definition. UCSB’s connection to a bureaucratic organization, however, is further supported through its connection to formalization, the division of labor, and hierarchy. In conclusion, UCSB has duality in its existence as not only a university but also an organization.

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758 Words | 4 Pages

Qualitative research is intimidating to many because it involves talking to people, learning about the culture and language, revising surveys to fit the community’s definitions and views, and revisiting people. With qualitative data, one cannot punch data immediately after the initial interview; this data takes a lot of time to fully gather. Additionally, qualitative data is seen as softer compared to quantitative. Thus when publishing and presenting research, Cropley explains that it is important to be upfront with one’s bias and to be skeptical of one’s own data.

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473 Words | 2 Pages

The research methods include various research collection tools such as surveys, content analysis and participant observation. These are all used to collect data that creates a well-supported explanation for a theory supporting the researcher's argument or analysis. In reflection, there are strengths within using this method of research. One strength is the collection of valuable and reliable data.

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818 Words | 4 Pages

Cut-off date 27 February. Part1: Essay. ‘Evaluate the contribution of a qualitative approach to research on friendship’. Part2: DE100 project report – Method.

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557 Words | 3 Pages

Conducting interviews in a qualitative study is an art form that takes time to master. Generating effective interview questions and facilitating an interview were two main components that stood out to me. It was crucial to create interview questions that targeted my research question. My interview questions were open-ended, broad, and focused on understanding the phenomenon in question (Creswell, 2013). Lastly, I am grateful that I was given the opportunity to conduct interviews during this pilot study.

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1630 Words | 7 Pages

The aim of the methodological critique is to assess and evaluate the research methods used in the study on ‘Visible tattoos in the service sector […]’ by Timming (2015). Also, this methodological critique will provide few recommendations for amendments in regards to the best practise and theory. The qualitative study focused on the impact of visible tattoos on employment chances, the influences of management and consumers expectations. Timming’s (2015) method drew upon 25 in-depth semi-structured interviews to raise awareness and provide relative detail of the influences of a perception, culture and experience, surrounding exposed tattoos (Saunders et al, 2012, pp318-320; Collis and Hussey, 2013, pp 3). The abstract is a clear and logical summary

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1777 Words | 8 Pages

1. Research topic (Title) Influence of Girls’ Elementary Education and Culture on Ascension to Leadership by Burundian Women 2. Background of the study Since the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing 1995), where women rights and gender equality were put at the center stage, countless initiatives have taken place all around the world to allow girls and women to have access to the same opportunities as men do. However, literature on the efforts of some countries in the developing world is not explicitly clear on the motivators to propel such initiatives.

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994 Words | 4 Pages

Our research has concluded that in the interests of preserving diversity there is no ideal form of edification, though in the interests of preparing students for successful lives in their increasingly globalized world education must be constantly debated and reevaluated. It is imperative for education to be able to meet such standards, students must be involved and supported by a strong environment. Arghamoleai and others describe this situation in “Health Students’ Expectations of the Ideal Educational Environment: A Qualitative Research” expressing that “school atmosphere, teaching, human aspects...and non-human aspects” (Arghamoleai et al. 3), play a central role in education. The purpose of education ought to be to prepare students for

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The second assumption makes the traditional criteria for evaluating and interpreting qualitative research problematic. This is the legitimation crisis. It involves a serious rethinking of such terms as validity, generalizability, and reliability. … This crisis asks, how are qualitative studies to be evaluated in the poststructural moment?

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1456 Words | 6 Pages

Energies are engaged to systematically develop theory, but the two approaches to the research task is different. The qualitative researcher's emphasis is on the construction of the theory to agree with data, and the quantitative researcher's emphasis is on the testing of the theory to prove. The difference in approach may, in part, be due to the differences in the phenomena being studied, and the questions asked and the techniques considered appropriate for confirming or refuting the conjecture (Morse, 1996). Qualitative research requires methodological versatility; researchers have to create the knowledge fitting their research group through any of numerous strategies that depends on design, and therefore have an extensive knowledge of social science theory, to interact competently with others, and persistently focus on objective, and single-mindedly commit to research. He/she, the researcher must constantly distinguish between another's world and that of the participant researcher, and yet become close enough to the lives of another that it be both experienced and analyzed

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889 Words | 4 Pages

Qualitative data builds a rich and in-depth study into a social human situation in which the research is often conducted in a natural setting and takes into consideration the thoughts and views of the participant (Creswell, 1998). Interpretivist approaches often lend to a qualitative approach, though they are not one of the same, “qualitative research may or may not be interpretive depending upon the Philosophical assumptions of the researcher” (Klein & Myers, p. 69), the interpretivist aspect comes from the opinions of the researcher. This kind of research could not be done without interpretation as it is based on a personal one to one level. It cannot be a quantitative study as there would be no data to analyse and it would lack the depth to reach a

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760 Words | 4 Pages

With participant observation, the researcher can ensure validity by providing rich qualitative data that includes pictures of the fieldwork. These pictures will show how those being studied truly

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1675 Words | 7 Pages

3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.

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1613 Words | 7 Pages

A method is a realistic application of preparing research. Regardless of the philosophical stance or paradigm of enquiry adopted in a research project, it is possible to use a combination of research methods when collecting data (Howell, 2013). Saunders et al. , (2007) identify two main kinds of data that emerge in a research project.

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