Theories Of Reductionism

REDUCTIONISM means understanding the meaning of complex things by reducing them to the interactions of their parts or to simpler or more fundamental things. In philosophy it can be described that a complex system is sum of its parts and it can be reduced to individual constituents. Thus this theory of reductionism believes that everything is made up from a small basic substances and is comparable to atomism. Reductionism is basically a philosophical position, phenomena or theory that reduces from one to another, considered as simple or basic. Reductionism strongly shows a perspective on causality that is in a reductionist framework, the phenomena that can be explained completely in terms of relation between one or more fundamental phenomena

This claim is a form of monism which states that all objects , properties and events are reducible to a single substance. Ontological reductionism is a claim that everything that exists is made from basic substances and behave in regular ways ,also it denies the idea of ontological emergence and claims emergence to be an epistemological phenomenon which does not exist on a fundamental level. There are two types of ontological reductionism (A) token ontological reductionism : It is a concept that every item is a sum of items. Token ontological reduction of biological things to chemical things is generally accepted.(B) Type Ontological Reductionism: It states that every type of item is a sum of type of items. Type ontological reduction of biological things to chemical things is often

Reductionism is generally a belief that statements of one kind are translatable into other kinds. It is often thought in reductionism that one translation is accepted as true. Quine rejected this dogma by rejecting the meaning . The verification theory of meaning of logical positivism is rejected because of the rejection of the meaning. If the verification theory of meaning is rejected, reductionism is rejected ,because one translation cannot be reduced down. Meaningful statements being able to be reduced down into statements about immediate experience cannot really be true because of the lack of ability to understand meaning. Reductionism is simply the translation between two linguistic frameworks possibly from meaningful statement to statements about immediate experience. Quine argues that reductionism is an ill-founded dogma-reductionism that each statement taken in isolation can admit confirmation or disconfirmation. Against this dogma (of reductionism) Quine suggests that “our statements about the external world face the tribunal of sense experience not individually, but only as a corporate body”. In other words, the idea that most of our sentences do not have implications for experience when they are taken one-by-one, each in isolation from the