Diptera is an order of insects commonly referred to as true flies. Diptera stands for two-winged insects (di = two; ptera= wings), because the first pair of wings is primarily used for flying and the second pair is modified to form a small, club-shaped structure called halteres which aids in flight. Also flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies, and robber flies),or for lapping and sucking in other groups. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are laid on the larval food source and the larvae, which lack true limbs, develop in protected environment, often inside their food source. The pupa is a tough capsule from which the adult …show more content…
It is one of the most important in terms of its interaction with humans - especially in terms of spreading diseases and causing agricultural losses (Courtney et al., 2009; Pape 2009; Marshall 2012). The benefits that Diptera provide to the ecosystem are significant although less understood. Flies contribute to pollination of plants, biological control of pest insects, help in degradation of dung, carrion, and other organic matter (Skevington and Dang 2002; Marshall 2012). They are also of crucial importance in forensic sciences (Singh and Bharti 2000). Several authors (Pape 2009; Ghorpade 2011; Marshall 2012) have emphasised on the study of this diverse group of insects, not only for their impact on humans, but also for their role in ecosystem function. Flies are highly adaptive insects and their larvae develop successfully in a very wide range of media. Most larvae of Diptera are scavengers and contribute to the decomposition of organic material, which in turn, provides nutrients for plants and support for healthy ecosystems and