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Rwanda Genocide Essay

549 Words3 Pages

Genocide is a term that is used to describe violence against members of a national, ethnical, racial or religious group with the intent to destroy the entire group. This word came into use only after World War II, when one of the most infamous genocides had happened, the “Holocaust.” When the genocide of 1972 in Burundi had happened, it was due to the ethnic tensions which had risen over the years.
Tutsi and the Hutu tension had begun due to Belgium’s favoritism with the Tutsi and the European influence. Until their independence, Belgium would continue to influence their trade and other matters. Belgium had favored the Tutsi over the Hutu's, because of the Tutsi’s lighter skin, in both Urundi and Rwanda. This had also affected Tutsi’s place in political power and their economic standings. In Urundi, there was no significant impact the Tutsis. Like Belgium, Rwanda had imposed this same favoritism even though the most of the population were Hutu. This had led to numerous ethnic disputes between the two races in Rwanda. Due to these disputes, which often ended on death, the Tutsis fled to Urundi. The …show more content…

Both the Hutu and Tutsi had come from archaic kingdoms and also had roughly the same ethnic map, which consisted of the Hutu (85 percent), Tutsi (19 percent), and Twa (1 percent). The Hutu were comprised of agriculturalists, Tutsi of pastoralists, who represented the governing minority, and a group of pygmoid people known as TwaAfter having to distinguish themselves, the Hutu and Tutsi’s conflict become more about ethnicity. European influence had played a significant role in the genocide also. The Tutsi were already highly developed in a political sense since they were part of centralized states for centuries. So when Tutsi had adopted Europeans political structure, this allowed increase and expansion their control over the Hutu though the Tutsi had a smaller

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Before the Europeans entered, the chieftaincy system was such that both Hutus and Tutsis ruled the land. The Belgians, however, simplified the chieftaincy system, reducing its numbers and concentrating power in the hands of the Tutsi. Further, the Belgians oversaw a land reform process in which grazing areas traditionally under the control of the Hutus were seized and given to the Tutsis. In the 1930s, the Belgians introduced large-scale projects in health, education, and agriculture, but mainly for the use and implementation by the Tutsi. As a result, Tutsi supremacy remained, even though these measures did industrialize Rwanda.

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The two groups mentioned above, Hutu and Tutsi, had a strong dislike for one another as it has been described in source

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This deepened Ethnic tensions between the Hutus and the Tutsis because the Tutsis were the privileged minority and received benefits such as western education from Belgian rule while the Hutus were enslaved and treated with little to no respect. According to Laura the granddaughter of Hutus the Belgians divided the Hutus and the Tutsis further by using ‘scientific racism’ like saying that the Tutsis were taller and therefore better. This planted the seeds for the Rwandan Genocide because the Belgians created a distinct separation between the two

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(document 7) Belgians created the ideas of the Tutsis being the superior race and the Hutus are the inferior race, moreover, the Belgian had ethnic identity cards made to distinguish between the Hutus and the Tutsis. Someone shot the president of Rwanda, Habyarimana ‘s airplane down, this gave an open door to the Hutus to gain control of Rwanda and over the Tutsis. Since there was no president all hell broke loose, Hutu officials corrupted government ran radios and newspapers, they suggested the killing of Tutsis. (Document 8) A group called, Rwandan Patriotic Front founded by Tutsis attacked government forces and defeated radical Hutu in Kigali. More than 3 million migrated to Europe, Canada, the United States, or neighboring countries.

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In the late 1800s German colonists, who had very weak control over the Rwandan region, approved and encouraged the oppression of the Hutus, due to their view of Tutsi superiority, solidifying the Tutsi rule that had come 600 years prior. In other words, the German colonists saw the Tutsi as superior human beings, justifying the abuse that had taken place for the 600 years prior. The reason the Germans chose the Tutsi over the Hutu was because

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Making these distinctions is what lead to the distinction of class (hierarchy) that lead to the racism and hatred between the Hutu and Tutsi. They also brought the Hamitic Hypothesis with them stating that Tutsi were superior because they brought civilization to Rwanda from the North were they originated from. Classifying whether or not citizens were Tutsi from birth created a huge gap in ethnic division. By giving Tutsi superiority over jobs and other things this fueled the Hutu’s hatred for the Tutsi. Colonization gave them this superiority because they thought it was theirs by nature,

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Rwanda gained its independence from Belgium on 1st July 1962. Prior to its this colonisation, there were two ethnicities living in Rwanda, ‘the Hutus’ and ‘the Tutsis’. The Hutus were mainly farmers made up most of the population, the Tutsis made up between 15-18% and were mainly involved with cattle rearing. During the period of European colonisation, Belgium took over Rwanda and, on doing so, succeeded in creating a massive divide among these people. The Belgians introduced a European class system of hierarchy to Rwanda – the Tutsis who were already “prominently in the royalty” (however still peasants) were favored by the Belgians (History of the Genocide in Rwanda).

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The Belgians decided to continue giving the Tutsis key positions, and even making them wear cards to identify who was Tutsis, who was Hutus. This led to ethnocentrism issues between the Tutsis and the Hutus. After World War II, colonization was not as popular as it once was, and it rapidly declined throughout the world, leading many colonies to seek independence. Belgium left in 1962, which lead to a civil war, and the Hutus formed a majority government. The true horror began in April 6, 1994, When Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana was killed, and the Hutus blamed the Tutsis, and then began the Rwandan Genocide.

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Although not publicized by the media, the “African World War III” was a direct causation to the bloodiest genocide and war since World War II. The former country Zaire, now known as the Democratic Republic of Congo, is home to one of the most brutal genocides in recorded history. It is also home to the Hutus and Tutsi, one of the most barbaric rivalries in all of Africa, and maybe even the world. The Tutsi wanted retribution for the Rwandan genocide, when 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu moderates were slaughtered by the youth militia Interahamwe, ten weeks prior. As time passed, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, a Tutsi-led militia, took Rwanda back from the Hutus.

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This made large divides between the two cultures and later many civil conflicts between the groups. In 1994 when the president 's plane was shot down the government and Hutu militants blamed the Tutsis, radio broadcasts across the country encourages Hutus to take revenge and kill the Tutsis, in the end an estimated 800000 to 1 million people died. The globalization of Belgians colony and the scramble for africa through that part of the world into a blood conflict of cultures and terrorist/militant groups that still rages on

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