More handpicked essays just for you.
Contribution of sigmund Freud on human personality development
Critic sigmund freud'theory of personality development
Sigmund Freud's theory on personality development
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Originally from Austria, Sigmund Freud was a trained neurologist who was particularly interested in the human psyche. Over many years, Freud developed a theory to explain human behavior, what we refer to now as “Freudian Psychology.” First, he divided the mind into three levels, and used the analogy of an iceberg to help others understand it. On the surface, Freud identified the Conscious. It is here that most of our decision making and ideas are processed.
As babies, depending on others is an essential part of life. Babies need food, shelter, protection and nurturance, which is provided by the caregiver. “According to Erikson, this extended period results in the first stage of psychosocial development being centered on forming a sense of trust” (Papalia & Martorell, 2015, p. 171). Stated in Erikson’s eight stages of psyhchosocial development, babies first challenge involves in forming a basic sense of trust versus mistrust. Trust allows a baby to feel safe and love.
Child psychology, also called child development, is the study of the psychological processes of children and especially, how they develop as young adults and how they differ from one child to the next. It basically tends to map onto children’s physical, cognitive and social/emotional development. Psychologists attempt to make sense of every aspect of child development, including how children learn, think, interact and respond emotionally to people around them and understand emotions and their developing personalities, temperaments and skills. It also includes how individual, social and cultural factors may influence their development. Child study is of comparatively recent origin.
Sigmund Freud and his theories on childhood development were extremely popular and widely accepted all the way up until the 1960s (Felluga). Freud put great emphasis on the impact early childhood development had on becoming a well-adjusted adult. He claims, “The structure of the psyche receives its final form during childhood, specifically at the time of the Oedipus complex” (U. of California). This complex is essential in identifying with either the mother or father, in order to establish sexual orientation (Felluga). During this stage, from ages 4-7, the child finds ways to deal with separation anxiety, and it is also the time that the ego fully matures into the superego: “an internalization of the parental function that eventually manifested itself in your conscience” (Cherry).
There are several similarities and differences between behaviorism (skinner) and psychoanalysis (Freud). Both behaviorism and psychoanalysis do not believe in the concept of free will in humans and they are both deterministic. Behavioral approach assets that the environment and the consequences of behavior control people while psychoanalysis believe that people are controlled by their unconscious drives. Through his observations, Freud believed that childhood experiences could lead to emotional problems in adulthood. Skinner in his experiment proved that behavior that produces pleasurable consequences is likely to be repeated whilst that which produces negative consequences is stamped out.
Introduction Among Freud's most notorious theories, is his theory of psychosexual development. This assignment discusses the stages and tells how Freud developed a theory of personality, made of an interplay between psychic structures and occurrences within psychosexual stages of development. (Sigmund Freud, n.d.) . After listening, testing and examining his patients he knew that their problems were the result of early encounters in life. Freud believed that we experience five phases of psychosexual development and in every development we encounter, we get pleasure in one part of the body more than in others.
Psychoanalytic Theoretical Views Name of theory: Psychoanalytic Theory Founder of the theory: Sigmund Freud View of human nature (include innate capacities/capabilities and motivational constructs): Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as being deterministic and influenced by both sexual energy and instincts (Corey, 2017). He further identifies that soon after birth instincts drive our desire and force internal motivations into the reality of which we live. Although unconscious desires are the driving forces of existence in the beginning, it does not remain the only force through out our lives. We begin to develop into a conscious being as we recognize the world around us. Our external world introduces the conscious mind by showing us moral code, paternal expectations, and presumptions of societal ideology.
The nature- nurture debate was a debate that was argued a while back. It is an argument till this day in trying to decide which theory in the right theory. The nature- nurture debate is basically a debate about how a human being turns out to be in their life and what determines that. The nature- nurture debate is how both influence a human beings performance. Some argue that people were born to be the way they are on the other hand the other theory is that people turn out the way they are depending on their surrounding and their lifestyle.
Psychoanalysis was first introduced by Sigmund Freud and is now known as classical psychoanalysis. The theory, as defined by Sigmund Freud, is the dynamic between underlying forces that determine behavior and personality. He stressed the importance of human sexuality, childhood experiences, and the unconscious processes. However, his theory was seen as misogynistic and narrow focused. Consequently, classical psychoanalysis was criticized and rejected by many scholars.
i.) For Freud, sexuality is a term that is much broader than that of intercourse between male and female. He argues that sexuality takes many forms and shapes and that these forms are dependent on the sexual development during the infant years of life. Freud explains that sexuality is not simply the connection between genitals and pleasure but rather that it determines our behaviours and personalities due to infant sexuality which occurs between birth and the age of 6 and is described by Freud as the psychosexual stages of development. Freud therefore claims that sexuality is a concept which develops from birth and not at puberty as it is widely been claimed and for many years has been accepted.
Child development is an area of significant interest to professionals who deal with children on a daily basis. It is through child development theorists and their theories that we begin to form an understanding of how children develop emotionally and socially to become fully grown adults in society with a moral and emotional compass/. Teachers need to study child development in order to provide developmentally appropriate educational experiences for children. Health professionals also need to understand this area to support children in their physical, social, emotional and cognitive journey to becoming functioning adults in society. Childhood is a concept that is affected by social context and also by history. Here in the West childhood was not always considered to be a fundamental developmental phase in life with children in Victorian times working from as early as the age of four.
Over the years, many theories have been developed to study the human personality. Some of the notable theories are psychoanalytic theory, trait theory, humanistic theory and behavioural theory. In this assignment, we have chosen to compare and contrast the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories. Psychoanalytic Theory
According to this theory, parts of our personality develop as we move through a series of psychological stages. Each of these stages is characterised by different demands for sexual gratification and by different methods of achieving that gratification. Freud claimed that if, as growing human beings, we do not receive an appropriate amount of gratification, we may become fixated in a particular stage which means, that we continue to have the same demands for gratification that we had at that stage, and this will remain with us for the rest of our lives, and will affect adult behaviour. What follows are the individual stages: Oral stage (birth to about 15 months) characteristic by oral stage drives.
Freud also drove a strong movement that sex drive is the most important motivating force. “He went on to identify that at times in our lives we find different areas on our bodies pleasurable and today these are known as erogenous zones. These ideas mixed together to form Freud’s Psychosexual Stage Theory which is still taught in textbooks today”. This theory consisted of five different stages. The first is the oral stage, in it a newborns to eighteen month old infants find pleasure from the mouth, specifically, sucking.
Introduction This essay is based on the comparison of psychosexual theories of Sigmund Freud and psychosocial theory of Erik Erikson. In this essay, similarities and the differences between these two theories are explained and outlined. The two famous theories of development are Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik
