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Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development

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The theory of psychosexual development was presented by one of the most prominent psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and characterized how personality develops during the course of childhood. Whilst this theory is widely known in psychology, still, it is one of the most controversial. Freud believed that the individual develops via a series of childhood stages throughout which the energy of pleasure-seeking of the id is focused on certain erogenous areas. According to Freud, if all these stages are completed successfully, a healthy individual is a result. However, if the person will remain “stuck” on a certain stage, problems in future life may occur. This paper will focus on Freud 's psychosexual stages of development and possible effects due to fixation on one of the stages. The first stage of psychosexual development according to Freud is The Oral Stage, spanning from birth until the age of one year. Throughout this stage, the main source of the interaction of the child is through the mouth. In this way, the sucking reflex is greatly important. The child receives pleasure from oral stimulation via certain activities such as sucking and tasting as well as the mouth is vital for eating. As the child is fully dependent upon those who are responsible for feeding him, also the child develops a sense of trust and comfort through the oral stimulation. Freud believed that person might have issues with dependency or aggression if remains "stuck" at …show more content…

This stage is characterized by a decrease of sexual interest. Being cut off from the sexual aim, libido energy is transferred to the development of the human experience, embodied in science and culture, as well as the establishment of friendly relations with peers and adults outside the family environment. This stage is essential in the development of communication and social skills as well as

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Freud’s psychosexual stages of development focused on his observations of how children focus on pleasure as they mature and occur one after the other, fixations can form during these stages (Hawkes et al., 2001). al, 2001). The. The phallic stage focuses on the genitals as a source of pleasure and if there are issues during this stage then this stage can lead to overindulgence or avoidance of sexual behaviour (Hawkes et al. al, 2001).

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Throughout personality development, if a conflict during psychosexual stage is not resolved, an individual would become fixated and show problems relating to that point of development. These problems serve as defense mechanisms to decrease anxiety. For example, during the oral stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages, a fixation would cause an individual to bite their nails, excessively eat, or participate in various other activities regarding the mouth. In addition, a fixation can also occur if the id or superego are

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Sigmund Freud, the infamous “sexually obsessed” psychologist, was an expert in the area of physcopathology and personality development. Freud understood the differences between one’s preconscious state, the conscious state, and the unconscious state. However, it was the unconscious mind that has much of the attention. Under the unconscious, is what drove his interests. The unconscious is the levels of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness.

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One of the key concepts of psychoanalytic therapy is the development of psycho- sexual stages. The psycho- sexual stages contain five types of stages. One of which is the oral stage. The oral stage starts at the age of birth till the age of two. At this age, they obtain satisfaction through oral activities such as breastfeeding, which satisfies the need for pleasure and food (Magnavita, 2002).

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In this article, the author comparing the counseling process and its outcome metaphorically to Freud 's psychosexual stage idea of personality progress. He focuses on similarities between the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages of both Freud 's idea and the counseling route, leading to fresh awareness into the nature of the counseling relationship. To define term of metaphora :"metaphors intend to suggest, and thus to reveal, certain images which enable us to see a likeness between initially different events"(Garcia, John L,2001). That is to explain this comparison is to prove how metaphors can be used to make uncertain experiences; and to offer an idea for refreshing the clinical perspective on the nature of the counseling relationship. Sigmund Freud, was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century ,he was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior.

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According to this theory, parts of our personality develop as we move through a series of psychological stages. Each of these stages is characterised by different demands for sexual gratification and by different methods of achieving that gratification. Freud claimed that if, as growing human beings, we do not receive an appropriate amount of gratification, we may become fixated in a particular stage which means, that we continue to have the same demands for gratification that we had at that stage, and this will remain with us for the rest of our lives, and will affect adult behaviour. What follows are the individual stages: Oral stage (birth to about 15 months) characteristic by oral stage drives.

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