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Comparison of ancient China and ancient India
Comparison of ancient China and ancient India
Comparison of ancient China and ancient India
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Shi Huangdi sought to centralize China and set up a bureaucracy. He was also responsible for a number of innovations in Chinese
Athens, Rome, Han China, and Ancient Egypt all have similar and different geography, history and government. First in Athens they had a Direct democracy. In Athens they picked 500 men to come together and vote. In Rome they had a Republic. Because they had so much land each section had to have their citizens vote for a representative.
They both had social classes that were a huge part to society and both had a lot of distinction between the different classes. Unlike Han China, In the Roman Empire, people could move between classes. In the Roman Empire the Upper class included the senator class and the equestrian class. The Lower class included the commons, Latin’s, foreigners, freed people, and slaves. In Han China, the social structure had three tiers.
Between 300 B.C.E. and 200B.C.E, two empires in China and India formed. The Hand Dynasty by an original ruler, Liu Band and the Mauryan Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya. The early Han Dynasty and Mauryan Empire both used conquest for expansion and ministered political policies; however, declined separately caused by the invasion of Han and financial collapse of Mauryan. To enlarge their empire, both China and India used subjection. In 141B.C.E, Han Wudi, the “martial emperor”, pursed imperial expansion.
China on the other hand had more problems in its bureaucracy and civic unrest. For example, some peasants who had lost their farms had to sell their children into service. A third difference is that as previously stated, China had a successful revival while Rome did not. Rome divided and the Western half survived but was diminished by attempts to regulate the economy and decline tax revenue ’s.
The Ming and Qing dynasties were two of many dynasties in China. They were also in fact, the last two dynasties. The Ming dynasty ruled from 1368-1644, and the Qing empire ruled from 1644-1912. Both dynasties had long lasting eras of power because of strong framework from influential leaders. The Ming dynasty had Zhu Yuanzhang who was a successful war leader.
Upon the fall of the preceding dynasty, the Ch’in dynasty, the Han dynasty arose with an extremely powerful general, who held all of the power of an emperor, Hsiang Yu. [i] He separated the Western Han into many different areas, and used devoted generals from both the Han and Ch’in dynasty (provided they showed allegiance to the Han Dynasty) to rule.[ii] In 202 B.C, general (or wang, as all generals were called) Liu Bang overthrew General Hsiang Yu, and was declared emperor, and renamed Kao Tsu[iii]. Due to the many responsibilities he carried as general and the very large amount of land there was to be governed, so Kao Tsu shared the responsibilities of emperor with family members and trusted appointees, as well as the multitude of military commanders while keeping the title of emperor all to himself.[iv] Unlike many other cultures, the Han dynasty appointed and held many leaders from lower classes as emperors or generals, who managed to come into power with brains, potential, and charm.
All of Huangdi’s standardization movement spearheaded china into a centralized state, Lewis explains“Many of these innovations also gave a tangible form to the new office of emperor, and conveyed a sense that the ruler and his government must be obeyed”.
The Omlec and the Maya were similar and different in many ways. One way they were similar is they both wrote in Hieroglyphics. Another similarity is they both build pyramids and were both deeply religious. Although they were very similar they are different too. One difference is unlike the Omlec, the Mayan practiced human sacrifice to satisfy there god.
Women were moving up in the world of Classical China. The intelligence that was spreading throughout all of the Song Dynasty led to an economic revolution the made it the richest, most skilled, and most populous country
Both Han China and Classical India used social structure systems as a method of political control. The caste or class a person was born into in either China or India, determined your position and status, unless under extreme circumstances would a person be lowered or raised in a caste or class. However, how people were placed into a specific social structure were very different. Han China developed a social structure based upon literacy, and Classical India introduced a caste system based on “occupation”.
Empress Wu was a successful leader because she stabilized the Tang dynasty when it was struggling. Wu may have faced many criticisms for what she did before she was an empress. But she overcame this by bringing China back together under a single ruler, unlike the six and Sui dynasties. Wu’s success was primarily because she listened to others, and eliminated anyone who opposed her.
There where many factors that led China to political unification in contrast to India. One factor is, dynasties such as the Zhou Dynasty who kept the same political system as its predecessors, where India had changed many things and continued to change political and social systems. India was very fragmented in political unification because, India was and still is a land of diversity. Ancient India was also not as organized as Ancient China in ruling. When the Zhou kingdom had started to end and break apart into many powerful states a “relativity young state of Qin located in the original homeland of the Zhou, emerged as a key player in conflicts”(p.
Ancient China was under a dynastic govern where rulers from a similar family ruled for eras. China was united into an empire and there was an emperor who ruled over many weaker kings. Dynasties from different regions often competed for supremacy to control China's resources and territories. Most dominant king became the emperor, who ruthlessly applied the law and formed massive work strength. Under the kings were a group of lords, and these lords ruled individual farmers.
Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient China shared the same type of government. Although Ancient Mesopotamia began ruling its lands with priest kings eventually came to rule just as Ancient China, both civilization believed kings had divine approval. Social classes among both civilization followed the upper class, middle class, lower class structure. Upper class among the two consisted of the higher gods, kings, priest etc. Middle class consisted of peasant farmers, merchants, fisherman etc.
