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Psychopatholog Social Support: A Literature Review

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Introduction Most people are exposed to at least one violent or life-threatening situation during the course of their lives (Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003). Also, losing a loved one through death is a common life event (Wittouck et al., 2011). Not everyone copes with these potentially disturbing events in the same way. Some people manage to go through the temporary disruption of loss or potentially traumatic events remarkably well and adapt successfully. Some people experience acute distress from which they are unable to recover while others seem to recover quickly but then begin to experience unexpected health problems or difficulties concentrating or enjoying life the way they used to (Bonanno, 2004). And in some cases, loss and trauma are followed by the development of …show more content…

Studies show that social support is a critical factor in the recovery of sexual abuse survivors (Tyler, 2002), and it can buffer the development of PTSD, especially when it enhances self-esteem (Hyman, Gold & Cott, 2003). Mason et al. (2009) examined the relationship between social support and the risk of sexual assault re-victimization. Re-victimized survivors received less emotional support and more blame than survivors who were not re-victimized, highlighting the importance of social support to recovery and the role of social support as a protective factor against future assaults. Furthermore, two prospective studies have shown that positive social support predicts lower subsequent PTSD avoidance symptoms (Dalgleish et al. 1996, Joseph et al. 1993). Finally, Bal et al. (2005) found that among adolescents, higher levels of crisis support immediately following disclosure of sexual abuse protected against the development of internalizing symptoms, which included posttraumatic stress

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2397 Words | 10 Pages

In the end of the story one of the girls heals from the trauma she experienced all those years ago, but the other girl still has that trauma in her head, and she still hasn’t gotten over it, it still wanders in her head. The article “Adulthood revictimization: looking beyond childhood trauma” talks about revictimization in adulthood from childhood trauma. In the story of The Thing in the Forest, the girl that wasn’t able to overcome what happened in her childhood when she grew up, so she went back to the forest to try to understand it all. In the article it says, “A dose–response relationship has also been reported, with exposure to multiple forms of childhood trauma associated with an elevated risk of developing a psychiatric disorder” (Cotter 1). This explains basically how childhood trauma affects adulthood, another quote states, “Evaluation of childhood trauma is clinically useful for identifying those people at elevated risk of adverse long-term physical and mental health outcomes.

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1252 Words | 6 Pages

Parkinson argues that other emotionally damaging situations, such as divorce, abuse, bereavement, or accidents can all lead to serious emotional deficits. PTSD can affect anyone, anytime - and may not even show up until years after the traumatic event took place. As Parkinson points out, it is important to recognize that everyone reacts to trauma differently - and that these experiences are not uniform. What’s traumatic for one person may not be the case for another. The author reiterates multiple times that reacting to these situations is normal and should be taken seriously.

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483 Words | 2 Pages

Medical professionals constantly face patients’ deaths, and become desensitized to it (Robbins, 2012). This helps emergency medical workers deal with many traumatic incidents without negatively responding to each one, but responders still encounter countertransference (Rothchild & Rand, 2006). While empathy helps responders relate to and treat patients, it can also cause changes in their emotions and health (Figley, 1995). There are many factors in the lives of responders and the incidents they respond to that can make them more susceptible to traumatic stress reactions. These reactions affect responders in many ways, and responders should learn how to cope with this stress.

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112 Words | 1 Pages

Posttraumatic stress issue is a mental issue that can evolve after a man is presented to a traumatic occasion, for example, rape, fighting, car accidents, or different dangers on a man 's life. Side effects may incorporate exasperating musings, emotions, or dreams identified with the occasions, mental or physical pain to injury related signals, endeavors to maintain a strategic distance from injury related prompts, adjustments in how a man thinks and feels, and expanded excitement. These side effects keep going for over a month after the occasion. Youthful kids are more averse to show trouble however rather may express their recollections through play. Those with PTSD are at a higher danger of

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560 Words | 3 Pages

These experiences have also been shown to have enduring effects that lead to the disruption of typical development and functioning by inhibiting neuronal connections that are important for the body’s stress response and other complex tasks. Consistent, high levels of chronic stress cause neurobiological and neurophysiological changes to brain functioning. Adverse childhood experiences have consequences for healthy physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development through adolescence and into adulthood. The primary goal of a trauma-informed intervention is to promote meaningful changes to the social and emotional wellbeing of children who have experienced

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932 Words | 4 Pages

In this study, they qualitatively “examine the coexistence of vicarious resilience and vicarious trauma and explores the inclusion of interpersonal identities in trauma work with torture survivors in specialized programs across the United States”. They found that trauma therapist can be positively affected by the victim’s survivors’ resilience.

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1171 Words | 5 Pages

Everyone is unique when it comes to dealing with trauma, so it’s up to how the victim deals with problem-solving skills internally. All victims should be encouraged to speak to a counselor to help sort out the traumatic experience. “Engaging trust communicates to the client that he/she has the ability to recover and grow” (Altmaier, 2011). The victims should be advised to attend to their own self-care, watch their emotional health, avoid media, set up a great support system with family/friends, and if necessary seek out further assistance with a trained professional. “Through mindfulness, trauma survivors may build strength and resilience by acquiring a sense of control, developing internal resources for symptom reduction and healing, and facilitating the meaning-making process” (Goodman & Calderon,

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1766 Words | 8 Pages

Maltreatment has a severe impact on a child’s current and future functioning and development regarding their emotional, social, cognitive, behavioral, and physical wellbeing.(Frederico 345). Different types of abuse, such as physical, emotional, and sexual have different consequences, but the consequences of all maltreatment, are likely to happen in three stages. Firstly, a child may have an initial reaction such as post-traumatic symptoms, painful emotions, and cognitive distortions. Secondly, children develop coping strategies that are aimed to help increase their safety or reduce their pain. Thirdly, a child 's sense of self-worth is damaged and develop the feeling of shame and hopelessness..

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104 Words | 1 Pages

Trauma is a strong emotional response to a distressing event or circumstance. Trauma can overwhelm a person’s ability to cope and cause feelings of helplessness, fear, and/or horror. Traumatic events can include domestic violence, abuse, community violence, motor vehicle accidents, war experiences, terrorist acts, natural disasters, and human-made disasters. When faced with trauma, most children and adolescents are resilient and are able to return to their prior levels of functioning after a certain period of time and resume a normal developmental course. However, some children who experience trauma develop severe acute or continuous symptoms that interfere with their daily functioning and warrant clinical intervention.

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528 Words | 3 Pages

Additionally, negative interaction can manifest itself in heightened psychological stress (Cohen, 2004), irrespective of whether the negative interaction was intended or was perceived to be harmful and unsatisfactory. This is somewhat in line with some dimension of social support that has been conceptualized based on the relevance of support to the recipient (Lakey & Cohen, 2000). At this point, it can be inferred that the inconsistency in social support conceptualization can somewhat be attributed to the multidimensional nature of social support itself. The conceptualization issues may also lead to accessibility concerns and or inappropriate use of construct, without a clear distinction between what is and what is not social support. Considering

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578 Words | 3 Pages

It is usual for people to experience emotional and physical after-effects or stress reactions following a traumatic event. Sometimes these aftershocks appear immediately after the event, however are person dependent. Depending on the severity of the event, the signs and symptoms of these reactions may last. The way an individual copes with crisis is contingent to his or her own history and prior experiences. Sometimes traumatic events are so painful that professional assistance may be necessary in order

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780 Words | 4 Pages

Though child abuse is inevitable, the ability to improve outcomes for children of abuse is achievable with the right resources. This is why creating and an awareness of child abuse, identifying attributes of resilience and their relevance in overcoming adversity is imperative. According to Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University resilience can make or break a child’s journey in overcoming their abuse, “In the final analysis, resilience is rooted in both the physiology of adaptation and the experiences we provide for children that either promote or limit its development.” (2015, p. 1), which is why to be active members of society and understanding the importance of reporting abuse. Reporting abuse not only provides an opportunity to safeguard that child, but it also rolls up into federal reporting leading to increased awareness at a national level with potential for increased funding to sustain or improve existing or create new programs and services for abused children.

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1345 Words | 6 Pages

LOSS, GRIEF AND HEALING As human beings, we suffer losses of many kinds and sizes in our life time. While some of these losses are small and do not hurt much, some are big and hurt deeply. Those that are accompanied by pains that are difficult to bear include the loss of a loved one through death or divorce, cheating or unfaithfulness in a trusted relationship or loss of good health when a diagnosis of a terminal illness is made. In all these instances of loss, pain and grief are experienced and an emotional wound is created which needs healing.

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797 Words | 4 Pages

After this experiences people tend to be exposed to trauma this trauma will be experienced through memories and having

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3423 Words | 14 Pages

Literature Review Social Support Albrecht and Adelman’s study (as cited in Kendall Hunt Publishing Co., 2011) provided a definition of social support as “verbal and non-verbal communication between recipients and providers that reduces uncertainty about the situation, the self, the other, or the relationship, and functions to enhance a perception of personal control in one’s life experience”. Social support is any type of communication that helps an individual feel more secure or certain about a situation and therefore being able to feel that they have control over a situation (2011, Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.). According to Hunt, social support emphasizes the availability of the network of people that provides support, therefore, the presence

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