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Summary: The Adverse Childhood Experiences

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Environmental health is defined as “the science and practice of preventing human injury and illness and promoting well-being by identifying and evaluating environmental sources and hazardous agents and limiting exposure to hazardous physical, chemical, and biological agents in air, water, soil, food, and other environmental media or settings that may adversely affect human health” (NEHA, n.d.). Biological, environmental, and social factors can have a profound effect on children’s health and development.
Biological
Biological experiences such as exposure to death, serious injury, sexual violence, and even just hearing adults talk about trauma that happened to a relative or close friend are considered childhood traumas that result in distress, …show more content…

The response expressed by children is believed to be influenced by their developmental level, race, previous traumatic experience, and preexisting child and family problems. Gathering a detailed history of trauma exposure is essential in preventing further traumatic experiences (APA, 2008). If an adult was exposed to trauma as a child, their immune system and body’s stress response system may not develop normally, therefore, when exposed to even the normal level of stress the system recognizes it as extreme stress. Because of this response, the person may be perceived as overreacting or detached and in most instances, they may lash out at those around them. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study included over 17,000 participants ranging in age from 19 to 90 years old. Of those participants, nearly two thirds experienced one traumatic exposure, and even more reported two or more incidents of traumatic exposure. The results between childhood trauma exposure and high-risk behaviors (e.g., smoking and unprotected sex) were connected in this study. To prevent these traumatic experiences from occurring, it is best to promote a supportive family environment by nurturing parenting skills, enforcing household rules and child monitoring, and making healthcare and social services easily accessible (CDC,

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Nor is there any single description that captures all families in which children are victims of abuse and neglect” (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children 's Bureau, 2003). Research has recognized that there are numerous risk factors or characteristics parents or caregivers may show or have experienced that could increase the likelihood of child maltreatment, e.g., financial instability, participation in social service programs, family factors such as: age, personality, substance abuse, history of maltreatment stress, domestic violence; environmental factors and disabilities (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children 's Bureau, 2003 & 2015). Because of the data, these commonalities are able to be precursors leading up to child abuse or maltreatment but many times it is hard to measure the severity of them and therefore they may end up undetected (U.S DHHSA

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In the video "How Childhood Trauma Affects Health Across a Lifetime," Nadine Burke Harris explains the effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on people's physical and mental health later in life. ACEs are defined as "potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood" and might include abuse, neglect, and dysfunction in the home. Burke Harris says that ACEs can have a major and long-lasting effect on a person's health, raising their risk for a variety of detrimental consequences like substance misuse, heart disease, and depression. Burke Harris raises several important observations, one of which is the prevalence of ACEs, with around two thirds of Americans reporting having had an ACE.

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It should also trigger assessment of revictimization” (Cotter 1). This is more evidence supporting again how childhood trauma cause mental health problems when the person gets into adulthood, but also says that it can lead to

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The Blue Knot Foundation provides information on one specific childhood trauma called child abuse, he explains the types of child abuse that happens in the world and the impacts of them upon children and their future health. It goes beyond that and states how abuse can be prevented. In articles that follow the impact that child abuse has on the brain is explained in detail with the impact on the cortex and limbic system being stated first and then how differently the left and right parts of the brain can be changed or impacted due to the trauma. The author shares that trauma effects the brain in such a way that thyroid production is effected and stress hormones are changed which becomes a lasting effect. That then lead to the fact that gene expression and generations after the effected person can now be effected by a single person’s childhood trauma or child abuse.

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The authors discuss the prevalence of trauma and PTSD in adolescents and identify protective factors that promote resilience in those who have experienced trauma. I plan to use this research on trauma and PTSD to further my claim of the impact of traumatic events on kids' mental and physical health. Felitti, Vincent J. et al. " Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Relationship to Adult Medical Disease, Psychiatric Disorder and Sexual Behavior: Implications for Healthcare.

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Your childhood can be a cruel game of survival. Statistics show that 60% of adults report of experiencing difficult family circumstances or abuse during childhood, 20% of children in the United States will witness or experience a traumatic event before they turn four, and young children exposed to five or more significant adverse experiences in the first three years of childhood face a 76% likeliness of having one or more delays in their language, emotional, or brain development. (recognizetrauma.org/trauma.php) Early childhood trauma refers to traumatic experiences that occur to someone during the ages of 0-6. According to the psychodynamic view, loss of memory and dissociating one’s self from a stressful or traumatic event reduces emotional

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Research has consistently found that child abuse and neglect (maltreatment) increases the risk of lower academic achievement and problematic school performance. These children have suffered significant emotional stress during critical periods of early brain development and personality formation, the support they require is reparative as well as

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Maltreatment has a severe impact on a child’s current and future functioning and development regarding their emotional, social, cognitive, behavioral, and physical wellbeing.(Frederico 345). Different types of abuse, such as physical, emotional, and sexual have different consequences, but the consequences of all maltreatment, are likely to happen in three stages. Firstly, a child may have an initial reaction such as post-traumatic symptoms, painful emotions, and cognitive distortions. Secondly, children develop coping strategies that are aimed to help increase their safety or reduce their pain. Thirdly, a child 's sense of self-worth is damaged and develop the feeling of shame and hopelessness..

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Harner & Burgess, 2011states that a range of physical and mental health illnesses have been associated with previous trauma exposure. The findings are especially evident in individuals, which have experienced multiple/prolonged periods of victimizations. Harris & Fallot 2004 also states that one of the most common effects of trauma experience is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder that is likely to develop later in response to traumatic event. Symptoms experienced with PTSD include re-living symptoms (nightmares, flash backs, interfering and unpleasant

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The short documentary “Child of Rage” presents an example of how experiencing abuse as a child can shape the child later in life and how some children can recover. The intrafamilial abuse that Beth experienced as a one year old affected her behavior later in her childhood when she was adopted. Beth was also able to recover from some of the effects of the child abuse she experienced once she was separated from her adoptive family and taken to a special home. Beth experienced intrafamilial abuse at the hands of her biological father after her mother passed away when she was one.

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The emotional ,social and physical development of young children has an effect on their overall development and on the adult they will become. Sigmund Freud indicated how disruptions in stages of development may relate to current problems in adult hood for example :Trauma at an early stage in life may effectively prevent natural development through that stage this may then have a knock on effect in future stages causing development or learning problems for an adult . It is a positive thing for a client to recognise that certain childhood experiences may have prevented or halted their natural development ,since it provides a rational blame free explanation .If trauma does occur in childhood and problems arise because of that trauma then this

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In terms of emotions, the child may be on the “baseline of unease, intermediate states of anxiety or extreme panic, fury and despair” (108). This may be because of an unsteady attachment in childhood due to the fact that most child abuse happen in a family-like environment. Herman mentions that the emotional and behavioral impact of chronic child abuse go hand in hand. People who experience chronic child abuse or neglect believe that the only way to end the emotional state that they are in is through self injury (109). The earlier on in childhood the abuse or neglect was, the more repetitive and severe the self harm is (109).

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Adolescents who lack a secure attachment relationship with their caregivers are at a greater risk for dysregulation of affect when experiencing trauma and the developing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Insecurely attached children and adolescents do not seek comfort in their caregivers so when exposed to trauma, their coping abilities are significantly hindered. When not able to seek protection and comfort in their caregivers, insecurely attached youth are more likely to be overwhelmed by stress; coping alone with limited resources may cause hyperarousal or disassociation (Perry, 2001). Likewise, an adolescent with a secure attachment can act as a layer of defense against the potential adverse effects of trauma (Finkelhor & Browne, 1984). A secure attachment also provides a safe a nurturing environment that enables the adolescent to process the traumatic events and become more equipped to return to a sense of safety and wellbeing- at least the same level experiences prior to the traumatic experience.

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Each year in America alone, an estimate of two million children, ranging from infants to teenagers go through minor or major kinds of abuse which include neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment. According to the National American Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, neglect represented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse represented 22%, sexual abuse represented 8%, emotional maltreatment represented 4%, and other forms of maltreatment represented12%. It also indicates that child abuse is far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are

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These changes may leave victims more vulnerable to depression, addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the study suggests (Szalavitz). In this experiment, it proved how the people who were diagnosed with a mental illness had a history of abuse from a young age and therefore were immune to different illnesses, putting depression at number one. In addition, most children inherited half of the symptoms of depression which, eventually in the future will branch out to different types of mental illnesses. This proves that parental guidance is necessary for a child’s survival because the child itself is born into the world knowing nothing, and thus, will adapt to the surroundings of the world with the help of their leaders. Furthermore, according to the Canadian Mental Health Association; a complex interplay of genetic, biological, personality and environmental factors causes mental illnesses.

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