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The Pros And Cons Of DNA Technology

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DNA technology is the study of genetic material. Scientists are now using DNA technology for a variety of purposes, for example cloning. Cloning is the process of making multiple or identical copies of a gene. DNA technology has had major impacts on agriculture, disease therapy, crime scene investigations and the pharmaceutical industry. But like anything in science it also has its ethical, legal, and social concerns that play a major part in our applications today. When the HGP the Human Genome Project was discussed people had many concerns about how genome material would be used and how individuals and humanity would be protected. The Ethical, Legal and Social Implications Program (ELSI) were later established to address them. The ELSI …show more content…

(Klug, Pg. 595). The ELSI Program focuses on 4 main areas; one, a way to ensure that applicants risks and benefits of their contributions and giving informed agreement, two, discretion and fairness in the use and interpretation of genetic material, three, a way to transfer hereditary “knowledge from the research laboratory to clinical practice, and four public and qualified education” (Klug, Pg. 595). A majority of applied genetic tests has been used to provide patients and physicians with evidence to improve ones quality of life. Although there are benefits there are also consequences of genetic testing that aren’t always clear to patients and society. When it comes to biotechnology their issues that the public has a hard time putting their minds …show more content…

Preconception testing and baby prediction patents are becoming vary popular in identifying babies phenotypes through data sequencing samples of parents and in vitro fertilization for gender selection. Both of these procedure cause ethical concerns in the formation of designer babies. Ethically this violates justice/ fairness because it would generate a separation between those that can afford it and those that cannot. Hence, the wealthy would be able to afford the selection of desired traits in their offspring, while those of lower economic standards would not be able to access the same opportunities (The Embryo Project

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And although, these privacy protections did not cover genetic information, 12 years later congress passed the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) to fill the gap. (Stump) The National Institute of Health’s (NIH) now requires strict ethical standards including informed consent from all researchers seeking funding. These are steps in the right direction but just like anyone working in the medical field would tell you, there is still more to be done to ensure complete patient privacy and informed consent is the norm in every branch within the medical community. Whereas it took many years for the medical community to acknowledge the violations and origin of Henrietta’s cells it reassuring to see the progress that has been made to stamp out bad ethical behaviors.

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Forensic dna has bad unfair effects on society, that falls into social justice, framing innocent people. Dna forensics can help solve crimes and put unlawful people and criminals to jail, but can also be used to frame people/mistake dna into incriminating innocent people. Forensic dna is a science that uses genetic material in criminal investigation/crime scenes to help solve and profile crime scenes. Scientist can use a single strand of hair, fingerprint, or nail to solve who was at the scene.

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Ethical Considerations in Genetics and Genomics Ethical duties of genetic testing is a challenge among healthcare workers. Ethical dilemmas are created due to situations resulting from genetic testing. Ethical dilemmas is created when genetic testing reveals vital information to a patient and the patient refuses to disclose information to family members that can be affected. Healthcare workers are to protect the privacy of patient’s health records according to the Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)

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Technology is more prominent than ever, so it is necessary to draw the line between its usefulness and its potential violation of privacy. Much like fingerprinting, DNA profiling is a useful way to identify criminals and their victims; however, DNA profiling has proven much more useful and accurate. The genetic information that is found in DNA can be obtained through a number of specimens such as hair, saliva, and blood. Given a sample, current technology can decrypt genetic information and store it in a database to be accessed by law enforcement authorities for criminal justice. The FBI was given the power to establish a National DNA Index System (NDIS) when Congress passed the DNA Identification Act in 1994.

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The deoxyribonucleic acid which is commonly known as DNA is a molecule that is twisted around to form into a double-helix. DNA forensic is proven to be a useful technique as it is used to identify individuals by determining their characteristics. The culprit can leave behind a trace of DNA such as a strand of hair, saliva, blood, fingerprints or skin. Depending on the sample, DNA evidence are collected and analysed in different ways. However, there are a number of limitations of using this technique which can contribute into convicting the wrong person.

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A DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles on everyday people. It can be used for a lot of different things such as: analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting, or genetic genealogy. DNA can also be used to solve crimes by matching samples from convicted felons to unsolved crimes DNA database for the most part is mainly private. The United States has DNA of most everyone in the United States of America. DNA technology has proved to be a valuable investigative tool that has helped to exonerate the innocent and to bring those responsible for serious crime.

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A DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles. Forensic DNA databases are now well established in many countries in the world. Anyone who can access an individual’s forensic DNA profile can use it to track the individual or their relatives. Access to a DNA sample can reveal more detailed information about a person’s health. The database would be an invaluable tool for identifying and catching criminals.

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is really important to police crime scene investigations involving crimes such as murder and rape. Law enforcement has collected a large database of DNA to compare it from crime scenes that are both old and new. It has released convicted prisoners who were called into question by DNA evidence. Evidence that can link a criminal to a crime could involve bodily fluids, fingerprints, fibers, or types of soil. Imagine, someone breaking a window in a home, and cuts themselves in the process, DNA analysts could potentially figure out who that person is because they left their blood DNA behind.

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The women 's movement faces the dilemma of the ceiling glass, and it is inevitable as Casey Hayden and Mary King explain in Sex and Caste: A Kind of Memo published in 1965. The ceiling glass theory, essentially is that a group has set goals but will not be able to able to achieve their goals because of people, values, and or the state imposing or destabilizing the group. As for the women 's movement, change is possible but we don’t see the glass because there is no legitimate way to explain why society treats women a certain way. Both authors agree that when came to the topic of women oppression, amongst conversion between other women were recurrent issues and similar themes in terms of their personal life. And even beyond this women 's

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Can and should genetic disease be erased from the general population by in vitro fertilization and prenatal screening (p97, 102, 139)? When personalized medicine provides attainable, longer-lasting life, is it truly sustainable for the whole human population (p140)? Should doctors be allowed to share medical predispositions between family members or disclose paternal results (p98)? In the future of personalized medicine, uncertainty, disease, disorder, and abnormalities are past, but these changing medical roles and ethical challenges will test and provide new legal boundaries and technologies that are incomprehensible until

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Estonia, which is located in Eastern Europe, has 1.3 million people. Recently, the Estonian Government had considered that they will give free genetic testing to 100K Estonian citizens, but some people don’t know about the testing and its usefulness for health. In general, gene testing usually tests human’s DNA. However, testing a human’s gene has been disputed because it is a new medical technique. Some people support this new thing because they can know about the health of the whole family; other people oppose this new thing because it will affect their medical history and cost a lot of money.

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The first DNA-based conviction in the United States occurred in 1987 when Tommy Lee Andrews was convicted of rape in Florida. DNA tests matched Andrews DNA from a blood sample with traces of semen that was found in a rape victim. There have been thousands of court cases where DNA evidence has helped convict criminals that may or may not have been convicted if DNA technology had not existed. Every time DNA evidence benefited a court case, it proved to the people that DNA technology is accurate and should be given evidential strength. In court, some pieces of evidence has more evidential strength than others and due to the overwhelmingly efficient and accurate data provided by DNA profiling and fingerprinting, DNA technology became a very important method used in

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How far will the DNA revolution go? The list of basic chemicals that make up a human being is not just something that a scientist can decode in a matter of seconds. Although DNA technology is advancing rapidly, it takes years or even decades to prove a new theory about DNA. The science of DNA and its advantages has revolutionized modern criminal law and medical research in every characteristic. Compared over the past 10 years DNA technology is now widely used by police, prosecutors, defense counsel, and courts in the United States and other countries around the world.

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SUMMARY The research subject was originally “What is ethical about human genetic modification?”. I chose human genetic engineering as a research topic as the possibility of its practise excited me. More particularly, my research focused on ethics because I wanted to form an opinion of whether it was right to practise HGE.

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As a way to access one’s genetic information, genetic testing has been an option for those who desired to utilize the information to predict, assess, and evaluate the likelihood of their susceptibility to a disease or even gain knowledge of their ancestry. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (also known as DTC), provided by companies like 23 and Me, has made the service more accessible. With its prevalence in the realm of genetic testing, the lack of federal protection regarding direct access to testing results in DTC testing has become a primary issue. Along with direct access, the lack of a law regarding the requirement of a medical professional or a genetic counselor in genetic testing has also added concerns to the viability of DTC genetic testing. As such, while it is paramount that patients and consumers are guaranteed direct access to their genetic information, medical professionals or genetic counselors should be

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