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The Pros And Cons Of The Human Genome Project

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It has once been said that prevention is better than cure, making genetic testing for humans a popular topic in the field of scientific research. The Human Genome Project continues to create and discover important biochemical information which may very possibly change biology and medicine permanently. Once it is considered, it is exciting to think about the transition from studying genome (DNA) structures to understanding genome function. Genetic testing makes it possible to break down the human DNA and analyse it to detect chances of any potential disease or any abnormalities. Not only is it important to understand what the Human Genome Project is all about, but it's also crucial to understand both the positives and negatives of this project to be able to form decisions about whether its ethical or not.

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international scientific research project that hopes to determine the sequence of the nucleotide base pairs that make up the human DNA. By mapping out your DNA to analyse your genetics, it becomes possible to understand and make predictions about diseases …show more content…

DNA, thus, is comprised of four substance bases, sets of which frame the "rungs" of the wound, step formed DNA atoms. All qualities are comprised of extends of these four bases, masterminded in various courses and in various lengths. HGP specialists have deciphered the human genome in three noteworthy ways: deciding the request, or "arrangement," of the considerable number of bases in our genome's DNA; making maps that demonstrate the areas of qualities for real segments of every one of our chromosomes; and creating what are called linkage maps, complex variants of the sort started in early Drosophila explore, through which acquired attributes, (for example, those for hereditary ailment) can be followed over

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Copeland carefully selects words in the introduction to emphasize an overall nonchalance in compiling such comprehensive information, “Over the past five years, as the price of DNA testing kits has dropped and their quality has improved, the phenomenon of ‘recreational genomics’ has taken off,” (Copeland). The use of “recreational” suggests the practice of gathering broad scientific information lacks gravity. In fact, the author contrasts the word with more levity with the use of “genomics”, a concrete science that affects the structure and function of genetic information. The dramatic usage indicates to the audience that users of DNA testing are incapable of understanding all possible consequences of accessible genetic testing. Traditions of past generations provide a foundation for the identity of future generations.

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The human body is a complex being that shows evidence how every part of a human body works perfectly together and has millions of cells that are so unique. Every human being has their own DNA

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From the title of this book, I realized that this book would be interesting to read. The author’s approach to explaining the human genome was indeed erratic and unprecedented. The author, Matt Ridely, thought about the human genome as a sort of an autobiography its own record of showing the history of our human species and ancestors from the very first start of life. Thus, he used all 23 different chromosomes and used one of the related genes to write themes of human nature. He emphasized the fact that knowing and learning about our human genome is very important as these knowledges would help us, human beings to revolutionize anthropology, psychology, medicine, paleontology and virtually every other science.

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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a unique genetic code found in all living

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“Who owns the genetic information and who controls what happens to it and how it is used?” The people/group of people responsible for the protection and privacy of each DNA profile is uncertain, therefore causing concern for individuals with their DNA information on the

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The goal of Human Genome Project (HGP) was to define sequence of human genome. All of human genes was located and described. The project found that there are probably 20,500 of them. 15-year plan started in 1993. It contained of building genetic map; 2-5 cM human genetic map was completed by 1995 year.

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In this letter, I will be expressing my thoughts and knowledge on why I do agree on putting regulation on performing a human genetic test and how the conducted data should be used. Here I will support my point of view on why it should be required to apply law and regulation to protect patients’ genetic information from workplace, and insurance companies. In my argument, I will also state why it’s important to have a proper procedure to inform the tested individuals with their screening result. Genetic screening is a type of science and medical engineering that determines mutation and disorder in genes.

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A genome is an organisms full set of genes on all of its chromosomes. The project was finally declared complete in 2003, which means that the scientists involved had successfully mapped and understood all the genes of humans. Discovering that humans have more than three billion base pairs in their genome. The human genome project was an international study funded and controlled by the U.S government, and was in competition with private institutions trying to achieve the same goal. HGP used a system of private donors who would donate their sperm (male) or blood (female) at their own choice, and secured their identity that not even the scientists knew whose genes they were testing.

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The field of genetics has had and will continue to have a significant impact in our lives and the lives of future generations. The advancements in genetics stemmed from the Human Genome Project, the mapping of the human genome. The project was originally announced by in a science conference in 1986, New Mexico. What resulted from the conference came to be known as the Human Genome Project, a global effort to map out the human genome to understand the blueprint that is the genome. The main goal of the HGP was to create a complete accurate sequence of the 3 billion DNA base pairs and to find all of the estimated 20,000 human genes, at a cost of $3 billion U.S. dollars.

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The scientific discovery of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by James Watson (Untied States) and Francis Crick (England) is arguably the most significant discovery of the last century. The effect of this discovery is that it has enabled scientists to understand the structure and functioning of DNA and the scientific and medical progress has rapidly advanced as it has lead to the manufacturing of medications or drugs to combat devastating diseases. Another benefit to the discovery of DNA is that it has the ability to identify genes that can cause such diseases. With the ability to be able to read how our genes are expressed offers the promise of advanced medical treatments, but it will certainly require considerable work to generate, understand, organize, and apply this massive amount of data to human disease.

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The medical field has greatly benefited as a result of the Human genome Project and is continuing to benefit and develop as more projects are being pursued following the HGP. The cost for sequencing is decreasing, and the results produced by the technologies developed are increasing and becoming more accurate. The money spent on improving the technologies for human genome sequencing, has been wisely allocated to the medical field with regards to diagnosis and treatment of diseases and thus creating an opportunity for sequencing to be available to a larger community. Today there are many challenges regarding genetic research and information and the impact that they have on society. From the perspective of ELSI, the costs accquired by investments and funding to complete the HGP wa well placed as the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health, have ensured complete censure of all information for privacy and avoidance of discrimination.

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Genetics is the study of heredity. The history of genetics began with Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk in the mid-19th century who provided data to support theoretical ideas posed at the time. Since this time, the molecular basis to genetics has been discovered and, with the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, the molecular background of genetics has been deciphered with rapid technological advancements following soon after. This has led to the gaining of knowledge about how genetic factors impact on human disorders. Today, more than 1800 genes have been identified that cause disease and more than 2000 genetic tests have become available to test for them.

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The human genome project has three aims: • To update the available information on human genetics i.e. to improve research infrastructure- Research infrastructure is the biological, methodological as well as informational tools used in genetic research. The important genetic infrastructure used are physical maps of DNA, characterized DNA clones and genetic linkage maps. Human genetics is unique because it is limited to the examination of an individual, families, population as opposed to model organisms, which bred specifically for the purpose of genetic research1.

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