The goal of Human Genome Project (HGP) was to define sequence of human genome. All of human genes was located and described. The project found that there are probably 20,500 of them. 15-year plan started in 1993. It contained of building genetic map; 2-5 cM human genetic map was completed by 1995 year. Second goal was gene identification; methods allow identifying genes on physical and genetic map. The ethical and social aspect was to develop policy options to make law supporting genetic testing. Human Genome Project also was paying attention to instruct scientist to make them able to work with genome research (Primrose, 1998). The program was called Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications program (ELSI).
Firstly, genetic map was completed and all genes were located. Thanks to that, location of each gene was known. Scientists were able to compare human genome to other organisms’ genome like for example mice and even yeast. This allowed understanding our nature,
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Cloned pieces are the source from which scientist can isolate needed gene. Physical map contains 98 percent of human genome. Sequence is accurate (99.99% accuracy or above), so this claim has been met successfully. Scientists can situate suspect gene. It improves quality of treatment of genetic diseases for example cystic fibrosis; the most common genetic disease.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by recessive and autosomal gene, so patient inherited two alleles containing mutated gene. Responsibility of this disease is mutated Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene. Over 900 types of mutations can appear on CFTR. In this case gene therapy can be used and treat this disease from its roots instead of supressing symptoms using medicines and other methods. It allows replacing mutated gene and inserting healthy gene. When the well-functioning gene starts affecting, the reason of disease is