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Biomedical Vs Biopsychosocial Model

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The dominant model used in medicine is the biomedical approach. This approach assumes that illness is due to deviation of biological norm. Because this model approaches illness in a reductionist way a new model by Engel in 1997 was proposed- The biopsychosocial model- where biological, psychological, social factors are all taken into consideration.
This report will compare both biomedical and biopsychosocial model in relation to medicine.

The traditional line of attack to medicine has always been the biomedical approach which is a model that excludes psychological and social factors when it comes to understanding the patient’s illness. It could be said that it looks at only the nature side of the nature nurture debate as only biologic factors …show more content…

It’s also involved in the development of treatments such as surgical procedures, vaccinations and medications. CITATION Car03 \l 2057 (Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, 2003).
The biopsychosocial model as an approach in medicine
Over the years the biopsychosocial approach was developed by Engel CITATION Geo97 \l 2057 (Engel, 1997). He claimed that the biomedical approach was not able to account for the reality of diabetes and schizophrenia.
Engel uses this model to suggest that health disease and wellness are all reliant on the interaction between three factors which are: physiological factors, psychological factors and social factors. According to this model good health cannot be due to biologic factors alone that in fact psychological factors and cultural environments combined with personal history ( ethnicity, genetic make-up, learned behavior, lifestyle) are equally as important in maintaining health. CITATION Var14 \l 2057 (Varnekar, 2014).
Discussion
Although the biomedical approach has dominated health for serval years it has been criticised for many …show more content…

Generally the influence of this two factors on health is clear. In order to prove this Borg, V. and Kristensen, T. carried out a study to determine the relative importance of social class and health behavior. They found out that people with the lower social class were more than three times likely to report poor health than those of a higher social class. Even though this study relied on a single-self report, where there’s a possibility that participants could exert demand characteristics, the study still showed the effect of social class on health CITATION Vil00 \l 2057 (Vilhelm Borg and Tage S Kristensen,

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Solomon believes our mind and self can be represented with the Copenhagen interpretation. Just like how energy and matter sometimes acts as a wave or a particle, the “similar duality” can be applied to an individual (372). Many situations are a mixture of both illness and identity, however if we were to obscure one part of the equation, only then would we be able to see the other. Consequently, Solomon believes society should change their standpoint of illness not being part of a person’s identity and instead come up with “syncretic mechanics” where the “two concepts are not opposites, but compatible aspects of a condition” (372).

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A considerable number of people believe that the diagnosis and treatment of health problems are beneficial to improving and maintaining overall health, but too much dismay, there are also potential harmful affects with this type of medical practice (Martin, 2017). The practice of overtreatment and overdiagnosis is a prominent issue within the healthcare system. One of the main reasons that healthcare providers and their patients feel the need to treat and diagnose each health problem, big or small is that society has a compulsion to cure. Healthcare providers conform to the idea of compulsion to cure because amongst other reasons, they fear litigation and disappointing patients if they choose against conducting tests in order to diagnose and

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Before we look at the different Social/Psychological Determinants of Health it is important firstly to define what a social determinant of health is. According to the World Health Organization (2017) “The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.” These conditions are as a result of a wide range of factors that are ultimately governed by the way in which money, power and specific resources are shared at different levels including those at global, national and local levels. We have all been a part of and will experience different social determinants of health throughout our lives but it is the standard at which we experience these determinants that will ultimately lead onto them affecting our health or ultimately leaving us unaffected. The Social Determinants of Health which I am going to examine include • Education • Unemployment • Stress • Living Conditions • Cultural Norms.

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How do you explain the link between this process and biopsychology? Biopsychology is the study of how emotions, thoughts and behavior are affected by the brain, the nervous system and neurotransmitters in human and non-human animals (Word Press, 2011). Biopsychologists require an anatomy and physiology background in order to have an in-depth comprehension of this subject.

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The biological approach has been effectively practising and treating mental disorders . Drugs therapy has been very popular among the patients and has enabled patients with mental illness to live a reasonably normal life, anti depressant and antipsychotic medications (Tablets) are popular among the patients. Behavioural approach focuses on the behaviour and looks to eliminate unwanted or maladaptive behaviour such as addictions, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) as they believe the behaviour is learned and can be un-learned via different therapy( Counselling- directory.org.uk, 2017).. Desensitisation and reinforcement technique are popular therapy. Similarly, psychodynamic therapist uses the talking therapy (counselling) to treat people with mental illness, they listen to the patient’s feelings and talk about what had happened in their early life and try to resolve the problem they had.

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Major aim of the biological approach is that, if there is an existence of any physical abnormality, then there is also a possibility of restoring that abnormality by using some kind

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It ignored a ‘mind-body connection’. Health however, is not simply limited to biology. “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity” as defined by the World Health Organisation. The biopsychosocial model is an absolute necessity for clinical practice - it allows physicians to treat people who have diseases and not just the diseases people have. This will give us the ability to understand people beyond their biological functioning and to view human health in its fullest context.

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There is only one approach in psychology that studies thoughts, feelings and behaviour. The biological approach believes that the way we are is due to our genetics and physiology. They believe that the activity going on our nervous system’s is what affects the way we think, feel and behave (Sammons, 2009). The physiology in the biological approach looks into how the brain functions. The brain is a very complicated machine as such, the brain is what controls our every move, every feeling and every action.

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In short, the biological model of health is mainly defined from the absence of disease, from the model that is well-matched with positive meanings in relation to balance of normal functioning. The social model health is actually a positive state of well-being and wholeness linked with however this is not mainly explained from the non-existence of disease, physical, mental impairment and illness (Gross, 2010). Overall the concepts of ill health and health are not balanced. Non-existences of disease might be part of health, however health is considered more than the “absence of disease”.

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