Vygotsky's Cognitive Development

Cognitive development is a process which enhancing the ability of learning. The cognitive theories emphasize on conscious thoughts which highlight the mental aspects of development such as logic and memory. The primary factors of cognitive theories is the structure and development of the individual’s thought processes and the means of these processes can effort the person’s understanding of the world. Therefore, the cognitive theories study on how this understanding, and the expectations it creates, can affect the individual’s behavior. There are three types of cognitive development theories in human which are Piaget’s Cognitive development theory, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive theory and Information-Processing theory. (refer to Figure

For example, the mother had read a book to her son regarding the race in Malaysia which consist of Malay, Chinese and India. The book shows the little boy on what are the race in our society. The second of the assumption is that the language has become the most important instruments for obtaining the social knowledge then in the cognitive development of the child, they have an ability of intelligence in learning more of the popular language. Next assumptions is describes that a social activities had been started by the complex mental processes. They are progressively internalize the processes that they use in the social situation then start to use them in their social life in development. However, this internalization process let the children to developed the ideas and use that on their own. For example, the son will able to differentia the race of the people by observing the characteristics of each race such as the colour of the skin or their language of mother tongues. Apart from this, when the children are support by the progress and effective individuals, then they will able to accomplish more challenging task. It can be identified by two levels of the development which are actual development which refer ability of the child to accomplish individually

Firstly, a set of information-processing system such as perception, attention and memory can be processed by the environment which function differently as children and adults mature. An example, as children obtain more information about the world and this support new learning because they can more readily express new information to what they already know. Secondly, the information-processing system analysis and transfer the information in regular ways. Control process which manage the analysis and flow of the information within the system. For example, we are using the control process when try to retrieve someone else name or specific information from the knowledge base or listen to a familiar voice in crowd or to solve the problem by using a rule-of-thumb. Next assumption is about the purpose of research to mention the processes and structures that underlie the cognitive performance. This can be explain that we able to improve our appreciation of cognitive functioning in adulthood. However, young adults can think and learn skillfully because they use a broad repertoire of cognitive strategy and can confidently finish the difficult reasoning task faster and efficiently. Information-processing in humans that match in computers. It can be explained that how human can develop through the cognitive theories like how computers work