Why Are Telomeres Present In Both Prokaryotes

1.Make a diagram (or multiple diagrams) indicating the steps and the enzymes involved in DNA replication in Prokaryotes. In the diagram include the following labels: primase, RNA primer, DNA polymerase I & III, Helicase, ligase, Topoisomerase, Okazaki fragments, 3' and 5'ends, leading strand, lagging strand) Draw it in paper and upload a photo or scanned.

According to the book page 268, DNA binds to oriC facilitating the initial strand separation. Then helicase opens the helix of DNA, proteins bind to the single strand to stabilize it. As DNA unwinds, topoisomerase are released. This replication requires primers; DNA polymerase does synthesizing of DNA. As the leading strand is continuously synthesized and the lagging strand is synthesize

On the other hand, the DNA strand (lagging) that is discontinuous is because it synthesizes in very small sections at a time requiring more work than the leading strand. (book page 268)

3. A) what are telomeres? B) Are telomeres present in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? C) Explain why some cells have telomeres and others don't (base your explanation on the structure of the DNA molecule and the directionality of polymerases).

According to the book page 271, Telomeres are specialized structures found on the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their function is to protect and maintain the linear chromosomes. Even though, they are composed of specific DNA sequences (book page 271). They are not made by the replication complex. No, telomeres are only present in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack their linear arrangement that is why the do not have telomeres. As stated by the book and on this answer, Telomeres are specialized structures that are found in eukaryotic cells. Telomeres are not found in prokaryotic cells because they lack the linear arrangement that eukaryotic cells

A) Draw a cell with 2 pairs chromosomes as it goes through the cell cycle and indicate the main things that happen to its chromosomes at each stage (label: sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes, G1, S, G2, Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis, indicate the 3 checkpoints). Draw it in paper and upload a photo or scanned. B) Assuming the life of a cell starts as soon as cell division is completed and ends when the cell starts a new process of cellular division, how many times in a cell’s life does it replicate its DNA?