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Annotated Bibliography

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Annotated Bibliography

O. V. Vliet, A. S. Brouwer, T. Kuramochi, M. V. D. Broek, and A. Faaij, “Energy use, cost and CO2 emissions of electric cars,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 196, no. 4, pp. 2298–2310, 2011.
This source outlines the energy usage, cost and Co2 emissions that come with owning an electric car. While most of the transportation is powered by fuel derived from oil, the consumption of petrol and diesel is a growing problem due to oil costs, Greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions (ex. NOx, PM10). Alternatives like biofuels and hybrid cars are used which help reduce the cost and certain toxic emissions emitted. Using biofuels with the use of efficient hybrid vehicles help decrease the GHG emissions when produces sustainable. …show more content…

A new concept from the Powertrain called Electric Turbo compound (ETC) provides an improved performance and better emissions control. The ETC concept includes a turbine compressor shaft that is connected to an electric motor/machine. This allows the compressor shaft to work as a generator or motor. This is an improvement of the previous design which only consisted of a turbine compressor. By implementing an electric motor (ETC concept), the component can provide additional power to the turbine which can speed up the compressor. This source helped illustrate the various concepts used to help reduce CO2 emissions, especially the ETC concept.
K. Funk and A. Rabl, “Electric versus conventional vehicles: social costs and benefits in France,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 397–411, …show more content…

Using an electric vehicle allows you to save $1500 $2000 per year on fuel. In addition, electric cars do not need any coolant flushes, oil changes, mufflers, or exhaust systems. When purchasing an electric vehicle, provinces like British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario offer government incentives that save you up to $15000 from your upfront cross. This source helped illustrate basic costs that are involved with purchasing an electric car.

FleetCarma. (2017). The Pros and Cons of Electric Cars. [online] Available at: https://www.fleetcarma.com/electric-cars-pros-cons/ [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017].
Electric vehicles are known to offer superior power-to-weight-ratios compared to gas powered vehicles. This is because the electric motor produces a constant torque over a certain period and greater amount of available power. Internal combustion engines require maintenance such as brake fluid change, time belts, spark plugs and wires, battery replacement, air filter and others. This increases the overall cost of the vehicle. Electric vehicles require less frequent maintenance as the electric motor consists of one moving part. This source further explained the cost efficiency of an electric vehicle. In addition, it compared maintenance requirements of an electric vehicle and a gas

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One strategy to minimize greenhouse gases from transportation, is not using it at all and finding alternatives of vehicles that require no gas or fuel. For example, walking or using a bike as transportation, uses absolutely no energy as no force or motion is being done from the bike itself or by walking. Any of these activities do not require energy from fossil fuels, therefore, no carbon dioxide would be emitted. Walking instead of driving 5 km everyday can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by almost 300 kg every year (2010). 240 grams of carbon emissions are saved per km not driven in a gas fueled vehicle (Dumitval, n.d.).

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655 Words | 3 Pages

Discussion The electric car faces a number of challenges but much of it boils down to money. There’s no infra-structure because it would cost money to produce, there’s political pressure because interested par-ties have money on the line, the electric car is more expensive than comparable petroleum based car in part because of the battery cost. As the saying goes money does not grow on trees and as such one of the chief concerns when trying to optimize the electric car should be trying to make it cheap-er. The electric car has other limitations and improvements are always welcome but the cost needs to be kept in consideration.

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741 Words | 3 Pages

There is enormous environmental, economic and legislative pressure on the automotive industry to produce affordable, low emission alternatively fueled vehicles. As alternative energy technologies develop and improve, what path should automakers choose: biofuels, hybrid, lithium-­‐ion batteries, or hydrogen fuel cells? With so much at stake, it is important to choose correctly if companies want to remain competitive in this quickly changing market. Different auto manufacturers in the United States have chosen different paths, and the future of these companies may hang in the balance. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG's) from fossil fuels are widely accepted within the scientific community to contribute to global warming.

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159 Words | 1 Pages

Second, the high cost of battery makes electric car less competitive. Third, the buying price for electric has to be lower so that the total operation cost for electric car could be cheaper than those of its competitor-gasoline. Fourth, electric car, just like other new products, needs to pass certain

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770 Words | 4 Pages

Some of those factors has major impacts on other cars and businesses. Most cars now use gas and fuel to run its car. Now it is much more efficient with electric cars. The model S once its charged it can travel up to 320 miles in a single run which is produces more efficiency then any other based cars. The next influence is less cost for power.

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2001 Words | 9 Pages

The report portrays the most vital parts in an electric vehicle and half and half vehicle. It looks at the electric

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932 Words | 4 Pages

Day after day, gas will be emitted into the air no matter what. Whether it’s cars or factories, they both release tons of gas into the air which causes pollution. We learned from our geography class in middle school that pollution is horrible, and it can damage the Earth’s ozone layer. With reducing pollution in mind, some companies such as Tesla, decided to address the problem by inventing electric cars. Electric cars do not need gas in order for it to run, instead, it uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries.

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1109 Words | 5 Pages

Unlike combustion engines, electric cars do not waste much energy it is approximately three times more efficient with the capacity to convert 59-62 per cent into energy to move a car. When electrical Vehicles are recharged with renewable energy there is no emission of contaminants or dangerous chemicals. However, if the electricity is generated from sources such as coal or gas there is not a large decrease of environmental pollution. The biggest issue that is facing the use of electric vehicles is the shortage of infrastructure to charge their batteries. For consumers can be a problem having to recharge their vehicles for an extended period although the vehicles have a range of 100 miles, they need to be recharged when approaching almost 48.

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915 Words | 4 Pages

Finally, while the cost of charging and day to day maintenance is comparably cheaper one considerably costly expense is the battery in electric cars. The battery in electric cars will degrade over time like most rechargeable batteries they are stated to last around a decade and replace thing will cost you over a thousand

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338 Words | 2 Pages

I’ve come to a conclusion that electric cars are both good and bad for our world, I feel that technology will boom with the invention of electric cars, but if they end up not succeeding, our world will carry on and not be affected. The main concern with electric cars is the battery life and cost. Alex Planes believes that an electric car’s battery takes too long to recharge and costs too much. A Tesla electric car takes around four and a half hours to recharge fully and the cost is just too expensive. But frankly, if you were to look at the amount of money spent on charging an electric vehicle and the amount spent on a total year’s worth of money spent on gas, the electric vehicle would be much cheaper.

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853 Words | 4 Pages

Some of the biggest issues consumers face with operating their vehicles today is the increasing cost of operating and maintenance. People are looking at the alternative options that would lower the cost for the operation of their vehicles and would allow them to gain more economic stability, by looking at the benefits for the consumers, manufacture and its benefit on the U. S. To achieve this electric cars must be more accessible. The Benefits Of Electric Powered Vehicles On The U.S. Economy: Using electric vehicles for the US would allow for the cost of importing and protecting oil reserves to be reduced. According to Sarah Hodgdon the director of conservation for the Sierra Club, an American environmental organization, stated “Look at what

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739 Words | 3 Pages

This is all because of global warming, and if we start switching to electric cars, we could make a big difference and maybe, just maybe the effects of global warming will decrease. If they don’t, sea-levels could rise and flood certain areas of the world. Secondly, electric cars, ironically, use less energy than gas cars to move

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1676 Words | 7 Pages

Electric vehicles cost a lot to make the giant battery that runs the car “replacement battery pack for GM’s Chevrolet Bolt is priced at more than $15,700”(Mark Harris). Companies also would have to make charging stations that are as frequent as gas stations if automotive dealers of electric cars are going to become a much more common mode of transportation if we all were to

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743 Words | 3 Pages

Soumya Saji Ms. Patiño English 2/16/18 Global warming as became a huge concern for today’s world. The rise of alternative fuel sources is to help this worldwide problem, as a result, electric cars have started to become a familiarity to everyday roads. Electric cars have many benefits and potentially does help with global warming, but it may not be as environmental-friendly as advertised.

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948 Words | 4 Pages

A lot of people love to hear about energy efficient and environmentally friendly options out there. The electric vehicles today serve great benefits in keeping emissions down and using a more friendly alternative energy source. In my opinion they have made an impact on the environment, but a major benefit in using this alternative resource is less cost to fuel the vehicle. Gasoline is very expensive today, and using the energy that is used to power our home, is much less expensive and more available than gas. The environment, as claimed by environmentalists, suffers due to the emissions of automobiles today.

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