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Annotated Bibliography O. V. Vliet, A. S. Brouwer, T. Kuramochi, M. V. D. Broek, and A. Faaij, “Energy use, cost and CO2 emissions of electric cars,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 196, no. 4, pp. 2298–2310, 2011. This source outlines the energy usage, cost and Co2 emissions that come with owning an electric car. While most of the transportation is powered by fuel derived from oil, the consumption of petrol and diesel is a growing problem due to oil costs, Greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions (ex. NOx, PM10). Alternatives like biofuels and hybrid cars are used which help reduce the cost and certain toxic emissions emitted. Using biofuels with the use of efficient hybrid vehicles help decrease the GHG emissions when produces sustainable. …show more content…

A new concept from the Powertrain called Electric Turbo compound (ETC) provides an improved performance and better emissions control. The ETC concept includes a turbine compressor shaft that is connected to an electric motor/machine. This allows the compressor shaft to work as a generator or motor. This is an improvement of the previous design which only consisted of a turbine compressor. By implementing an electric motor (ETC concept), the component can provide additional power to the turbine which can speed up the compressor. This source helped illustrate the various concepts used to help reduce CO2 emissions, especially the ETC concept. K. Funk and A. Rabl, “Electric versus conventional vehicles: social costs and benefits in France,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 397–411, …show more content…

Using an electric vehicle allows you to save $1500 $2000 per year on fuel. In addition, electric cars do not need any coolant flushes, oil changes, mufflers, or exhaust systems. When purchasing an electric vehicle, provinces like British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario offer government incentives that save you up to $15000 from your upfront cross. This source helped illustrate basic costs that are involved with purchasing an electric car. FleetCarma. (2017). The Pros and Cons of Electric Cars. [online] Available at: https://www.fleetcarma.com/electric-cars-pros-cons/ [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017]. Electric vehicles are known to offer superior power-to-weight-ratios compared to gas powered vehicles. This is because the electric motor produces a constant torque over a certain period and greater amount of available power. Internal combustion engines require maintenance such as brake fluid change, time belts, spark plugs and wires, battery replacement, air filter and others. This increases the overall cost of the vehicle. Electric vehicles require less frequent maintenance as the electric motor consists of one moving part. This source further explained the cost efficiency of an electric vehicle. In addition, it compared maintenance requirements of an electric vehicle and a gas

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